Chemical Space Charting of Different Parts of Wall.: Upregulation of Expression of Nrf2 and Correlated Antioxidants Enzymes.

The edible and medicinal part of Wall. () is confined to its root without sufficient phytochemical and biological investigation. In this study, the secondary metabolites of root, stem, leaf, and flower of Wall.

Dietary Methionine Restriction Ameliorated Fat Accumulation, Systemic Inflammation, and Increased Energy Metabolism by Altering Gut Microbiota in Middle-Aged Mice Administered Different Fat Diets.

Diet greatly influences gut microbiota. Dietary methionine restriction (MR) prevents and ameliorates age-related or high-fat-induced diseases and prolongs life span. This study aimed to reveal the impact of MR on gut microbiota in middle-aged mice with low-, medium-, high-fat diets.

Dityrosine suppresses the cytoprotective action of thyroid hormone T3 inhibiting thyroid hormone receptor-mediated transcriptional activation.

Dityrosine (Dityr) is the most common oxidized form of tyrosine. In the previous studies of mice treated with dityrosine, cell death in the pancreas, kidneys, and liver was detected in the presence of enhanced plasma triiodothyronine (T3) content. Due to its structural similarity with the thyroid hormone T3, we hypothesized that dityrosine might disrupt T3-dependent endocrine signaling.

Composition and immuno-stimulatory properties of extracellular DNA from mouse gut flora.

Aim: To demonstrate that specific bacteria might release bacterial extracellular DNA (eDNA) to exert immunomodulatory functions in the mouse small intestine.

Methods: Extracellular DNA was extracted using phosphate buffered saline with 0.5 mmol/L dithiothreitol combined with two phenol extractions.

Role of miR-383 and miR-146b in different propensities to obesity in male mice.

The study was designed to investigate the possible mechanisms of hepatic microRNAs (miRs) in regulating local thyroid hormone (TH) action and ultimately different propensities to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. When obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) mice were fed HFD for 7 weeks, OP mice showed apparent hepatic steatosis, with significantly higher body weight and lower hepatic TH receptor b (TRb) expression and type 1 deiodinase (DIO1) activity than OR mice. Next-generation sequencing technology revealed that 13 miRs in liver were dysregulated between the two phenotypes, of which 8 miRs were predicted to target on or When mice were fed for 17 weeks, OR mice had mild hepatic steatosis and increased and expression than OP mice, with downregulation of T3 target genes (including , , and ) and upregulation of , , and A stem-loop qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the levels of miR-383, miR-34a and miR-146b were inversely correlated with those of DIO1 or TRb.

Regressive Effect of Myricetin on Hepatic Steatosis in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Myricetin is an effective antioxidant in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to explore the regressive effect of myricetin on pre-existing hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard diet or a HFD for 12 weeks and then half of the mice were treated with myricetin (0.

Isolation of lactobacillus reuteri from Peyer's patches and their effects on sIgA production and gut microbiota diversity.

Scope: We previously reported that specific Lactobacillus reuteri colonized within mouse Peyer's patches (PP) effectively prevented high fat diet induced obesity and low-grade chronic inflammation. We further investigated the role of PP Lactobacillus reuteri on sIgA production in rats in this study.

Methods And Results: Lactobacilli were isolated from rat PP.

High-fat-diet-induced obesity is associated with decreased antiinflammatory Lactobacillus reuteri sensitive to oxidative stress in mouse Peyer's patches.

Objective: Diet-induced inflammation in the small intestine may represent an early event that precedes and predisposes to obesity and insulin resistance. This is related to decrease of lactobacilli in Peyer's patches (PP) revealed in our previous study. The present study aimed to clarify specific changes of PP Lactobacillus on the strain level and related biological activity.

In silico study on β-aminoketone derivatives as thyroid hormone receptor inhibitors: a combined 3D-QSAR and molecular docking study.

In order to explore the structure-activity correlation of a series of β-aminoketone analogs as inhibitors of thyroid hormone receptor (TR), a set of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models based on comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity analysis (CoMSIA), for the first time, were developed in the present work. The best CoMFA model with steric and electrostatic fields exhibited [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for TRβ, and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for TRα. 3D contour maps produced from the optimal models were further analyzed individually, which provide the areas in space where interactive fields would affect the inhibitory activity.

Structure-based approach for the study of thyroid hormone receptor binding affinity and subtype selectivity.

Thyroid hormone (TH) possesses the ability to lower cholesterol and improve cardiac performance, which have prompted the efforts to design analogs that can utilize the cholesterol-lowering property without adversely affecting heart function. In order to gain insights into the interaction mechanism for agonists at the active site of thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ), quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models have been developed on TRβ agonists, significant statistical coefficients were obtained (CoMFA, R(2)cv, .732), (CoMSIA, R(2)cv, .

Role of thyroid hormone homeostasis in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant mice fed a high-fat diet.

Background: The exact mechanism for different propensities to obesity when consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) is largely unknown. Thyroid hormone (TH) is an important modulator of energy homeostasis and body weight.

Objective: The present study aimed to find the potential mechanisms of TH in the development of obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) mice after short-term and long-term HFD feeding.

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts from Conyza bonariensis growing in Yemen.

This study aims to examine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities and phenolic contents of Conyza bonariensis growing in Yemen. The whole plants of C. bonariensis were ultrasonically extracted by ethanol.

Elevated plasma dityrosine in patients with hyperlipidemia compared to healthy individuals.

Background: Dityrosine, the modification of tyrosine residues, may contribute to metabolic disorders. This study was undertaken to investigate plasma dityrosine concentrations in patients with hyperlipidemia and to examine the correlation between dityrosine and lipid profiles.

Methods: Fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to measure dityrosine in the plasma of healthy subjects (n = 203) and dyslipidemic subjects, which included patients with mild hyperlipidemia (n = 246) and hyperlipidemia (n = 179).

Differential effects of quercetin on hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in mice fed with different diets related with oxidative stress.

High fat diets induce oxidative stress which may be involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Quercetin is a kind of antioxidant that has neuroprotective effects and potent7ial pro-oxidant effects as well. In this study, we evaluated cognitive function in mice fed with high fat diets and basic diets with or without quercetin.

Disparities in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and its Components Among University Employees by Age, Gender and Occupation.

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS), a known risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and type II diabetes is an emerging epidemic in China. Studies carried out on the general population indicate a varied clustering of cardiovascular risks in many parts of the country. However, there is limited data on its prevalence in the working population.

[Molecular design, structural analysis and bactericidal activity of derivatives of antimicrobial peptide buforin II].

A novel peptide, named BF2-X, was designed based on the structure-activity analysis of an analogue of Buforin II, named BF2-A. The BF2-X was a hybrid peptide containing the N-terminal residues 5 to 13 of BF2-A and three repeats of the C-terminal regular alpha-helical motif RLLR, and the residues 8 valine were replaced by leucine. The results of bioinformatics analysis had showed that compared with BF2-A, the helicity, positive charge, hydrophobicity rate and C-terminal amphipathy of BF2-X had remarkably enhanced.

The intracellular mechanism of action on Escherichia coli of BF2-A/C, two analogues of the antimicrobial peptide Buforin 2.

In the present study, the antimicrobial peptides BF2-A and BF2-C, two analogues of Buforin 2, were chemically synthesized and the activities were assayed. To elucidate the bactericidal mechanism of BF2-A/C and their different antimicrobial activities, the influence of peptides to E. coli cell membrane and targets of intracellular action were researched.

Inhibition of Fe-induced colon oxidative stress by lactobacilli in mice.

Iron (Fe) can promote hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and hydroxyl radical generation in the colonic surface and promote growth of Fe-dependent bacteria. Some Lactobacillus strains are resistant to oxygen free-radicals, allowing them to survive in a Fe-modulated mucosal environment and influence colon microbial ecology and redox state. Here, we investigated the capacity of lactobacilli with different antioxidant abilities to modify the bacterial profile and prevent oxidative stress in the colon of Fe-overloaded mice.

Selectivity for and destruction of Salmonella typhimurium via a membrane damage mechanism of a cell-penetrating peptide ppTG20 analogue.

P7, an analogue of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) ppTG20, was derived by replacing Phe and Trp with Arg based on the structure-activity relationships of CPPs and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). P7 showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium at 4 μM and possessed broad antimicrobial activity greater than its parent peptide. P7 displayed good selectivity, with low haemolysis below its minimum inhibitory concentration range, but displayed cytotoxic activity against the HT29 and MDA-MB231 mammalian cell lines.

Lipoic acid attenuates high-fat-diet-induced oxidative stress and B-cell-related immune depression.

Objective: This study investigated whether spleen oxidative stress induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) influences the expression of genes involved in B-cell activation, thus leading to B-cell-related immunosuppression.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups with eight mice in each group. The control group consumed an ordinary diet (4.

Relation of plasma somatostatin levels with malondialdehyde in hyperlipidemic patients.

Somatostatin (SST) may protect organism from overnutrition-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress by inhibiting pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion, gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. Many studies clearly show its release becomes perturbed in diabetes and obesity. Therefore, in the present study we first aimed to investigate whether or not plasma somatostatin level was different in patients with hyperlipidemia and normolipidemic controls.