Advances and challenges of exosome-derived noncoding RNAs for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment.

Exosomes, also termed extracellular vesicles (EVs), are an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and exert versatile effects on the molecular communications in the TME of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exosome-mediated intercellular communication is closely associated with the tumorigenesis and development of HCC. Exosomes can be extracted through ultracentrifugation and size exclusion, followed by molecular analysis through sequencing.

Combination of oridonin and TRAIL induces apoptosis in uveal melanoma cells by upregulating DR5.

Aim: To investigate the inhibitory effect of the combined use of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and oridonin on choroidal melanoma cell lines, and to explore its underlying mechanism.

Methods: MUM-2B and C918 cells were treated with different concentrations of TRAIL and oridonin, and MTT assay used to evaluate the inhibition rate of the two compounds on cells. Then, the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and changes in apoptosis-related proteins such as death receptor 5 (DR5), a-caspase-3, and x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) were detected by Western blot.

Polymorphisms Predict the Efficacy of Peginterferon Alpha in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B: A Meta-Analysis.

Polyethylene glycol interferon alpha (PEG-IFN-α) is the most frequently used pharmacotherapeutic approach in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Numerous studies have reported that genetic polymorphisms are related to the therapeutic efficacy of PEG-IFN-α, but the results are inconsistent. The present meta-analysis aimed to analyze the association between genetic polymorphisms and the prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with PEG-IFN-α to inform clinical practice.

Resistant mutants induced by adefovir dipivoxil in hepatitis B virus isolates.

Aim: To investigate the loci of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-induced resistance in hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolates and optimize the management of ADV-treated patients.

Methods: Between June 2008 and August 2010, a cross-sectional control study was conducted comprising 79 patients with chronic HBV infection-related liver disease who had been administered ADV monotherapy. Patients underwent liver imaging.

Cryptotanshinone induces inhibition of breast tumor growth by cytotoxic CD4+ T cells through the JAK2/STAT4/ perforin pathway.

Cryptotanshinone (CPT), is a quinoid diterpene isolated from the root of the Asian medicinal plant, Salvia miotiorrhiza bunge. Numerous researchers have found that it could work as a potent antitumor agent to inhibit tumor growth in vitro, buith there has been much less emphasis on its in vivo role against breast tumors. Using a mouse tumor model of MCF7 cells, we showed that CPT strongly inhibited MCF7 cell growth in vivo with polarization of immune reactions toward Th1-type responses, stimulation of naive CD4+ T cell proliferation, and also increased IFN-γ and perforin production of CD4+ T cells in response to tumor-activated splenocytes.

[HBV genotype and liver histology effect of peginterferon alpha treatment of HBeAg-position chronic hepatitis B].

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of PEG-interferon alpha (PEG-IFN alpha) treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B and HBV genotypes and liver tissues effect of HBeAg seroconversion.

Methods: 54 cases confirmed by liver biopsy, genotype clear HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients according to body weight, respectively, subcutaneous injection of PEG-IFN-alpha2a 135 microg or 180 microg, or PEG-IFN-alpha2b 50 microg, 80 microg or 100 microg once weekly treatment for 48 weeks and followed for 24 weeks after discontinuation. Statistics of HBeAg seroconvertion, HBV genoty pes and liver histology e antigen seroconversion after the end of treatment.

[Liver histopathological features influencing HBeAg seroconversion in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B responding to Peg-IFN treatment].

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficiency of antiviral treatment with pegylated-interferon (Peg-IFN) for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to explore whether liver histopathological features or other factors influence the HBeAg seroconversion treatment response.

Methods: Eighty HBeAg-positive CHB patients with diagnosis confirmed by liver puncture were treated with Peg-IFN(2a or 2b)body weight dose, once weekly). At treatment week 48, the rate of HBeAg seroconversion was determined and used to analyze the influence of liver histopathological features (liver biopsy assessment of: inflammation, graded G0 to G4; fibrosis stage, graded S0 to S4), sex, age, differential levels (pre-treatment baseline vs.

[Study of the effect and mechanism of spastic paraplegia 21 protein on the replication of hepatitis B virus].

Objective: To study the effect of human spastic paraplegia 21 protein (SPG21) on the replication of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and its regulatory mechanism.

Methods: HBV infectious clone pHBV1.3 and its promoter pHBV-Luc were transfected respectively into HepG2 cells with SPG21 of different concentrations, HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatants were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expression of HBV core mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, covalently closed circular DNA(ccc DNA) levels were measured by real-time PCR, and HBV promoter activity was measured by luminometer fluorescence detector.

HBV inhibits apoB production via the suppression of MTP expression.

Background: Liver dominates the production and secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and evidence shows that liver malfunction induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection could lead to apolipoprotein metabolism disorders. The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of HBV on apoB expression.

Methods: Clinical examination: serum apoB levels in patients with chronic HBV infection and in healthy individuals were measured by immunoturbidimetry using biochemical analyzer Olympus 5400.

[Association of liver histopathology and clinical features among patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection].

Objective: To explore the histopathological features of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with mildly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

Methods: 105 patients were divided into three groups according to serum ALT levels: Group A [ALT level < or = 0.5 x upper limits of normal (ULN)], Group B (0.

[Effect of hepatitis B virus X gene on the expression of spastic paraplegia 21].

Objective: To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus(HBV) X gene on the expression of SPG21.

Methods: The expressions of SPG21 mRNA and protein in HepG2 and HepG2.2.