Effect of ultrasonic-ionic liquid pretreatment on the hydrolysis degree and antigenicity of enzymatic hydrolysates from whey protein.

With the aim to reduce the antigenicity of whey protein hydrolysate in milk, the pretreatment method of coupling ultrasonic and ionic liquid (US-IL) and further enzymatic treatments were studied. Papain and alcalase were found to be suitable for ultrasonic-ionic liquid pretreatment. After ultrasound-ionic liquid treatment, the antigenic decline rates of ALA and BLG upon alcalase hydrolysis were 82.

Molecular regulation of adhesion and biofilm formation in high and low biofilm producers of Bacillus licheniformis using RNA-Seq.

RNA sequencing was used to reveal transcriptional changes during the motile-to-sessile switch in high and low biofilm-forming dairy strains of B. licheniformis isolated from Chinese milk powders. A significant part of the whole gene content was affected during this transition in both strains.

Spoilage potential of psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from raw milk and the thermo-stability of their enzymes.

The storage and transportation of raw milk at low temperatures promote the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria and the production of thermo-stable enzymes, which pose great threats to the quality and shelf-life of dairy products. Though many studies have been carried out on the spoilage potential of psychrotrophic bacteria and the thermo-stabilities of the enzymes they produce, further detailed studies are needed to devise an effective strategy to avoid dairy spoilage. The purpose of this study was to explore the spoilage potential of psychrotrophic bacteria from Chinese raw milk samples at both room temperature (28 °C) and refrigerated temperature (7 °C).

Apoptosis induction of colorectal cancer cells HTL-9 in vitro by the transformed products of soybean isoflavones by Ganoderma lucidum.

Soybean isoflavones have been one of the potential preventive candidates for antitumor research in recent years. In this paper, we first studied the transformation of soybean isoflavones with the homogenized slurry of Ganoderma lucidum. The resultant transformed products (TSI) contained (703.

Propensity for biofilm formation by aerobic mesophilic and thermophilic spore forming bacteria isolated from Chinese milk powders.

Biofilms on the surface of dairy manufacturing plants are potential reservoirs of microbial contamination. These microbial aggregates may harbour pathogenic and spoilage organisms which contaminate dairy products. The biofilm forming capacity of many spore forming isolates of dairy origin has not been given much attention.

Phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity within biofilms with particular emphasis on persistence and antimicrobial tolerance.

Phenotypic changes or phase variation within biofilms is an important feature of bacterial dormant life. Enhanced resistance to antimicrobials is one of the distinct features displayed by a fraction of cells within biofilms. It is believed that persisters are mainly responsible for this phenotypic heterogeneity.

Insights into the microbial diversity and community dynamics of Chinese traditional fermented foods from using high-throughput sequencing approaches.

Chinese traditional fermented foods have a very long history dating back thousands of years and have become an indispensable part of Chinese dietary culture. A plethora of research has been conducted to unravel the composition and dynamics of microbial consortia associated with Chinese traditional fermented foods using culture-dependent as well as culture-independent methods, like different high-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques. These HTS techniques enable us to understand the relationship between a food product and its microbes to a greater extent than ever before.

New mechanistic insights into the motile-to-sessile switch in various bacteria with particular emphasis on Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a review.

A biofilm is a complex assemblage of microbial communities adhered to a biotic or an abiotic surface which is embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Many transcriptional regulators play a role in triggering a motile-sessile switch and in consequently producing the biofilm matrix. This review is aimed at highlighting the role of two nucleotide signaling molecules (c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP), toxin antitoxin modules and a novel transcriptional regulator BolA in biofilm formation in various bacteria.

The heat resistance and spoilage potential of aerobic mesophilic and thermophilic spore forming bacteria isolated from Chinese milk powders.

The propensity for aerobic bacilli and allied genera to produce highly heat-resistant spores and thermally stable spoilage enzymes are major bacteriological issues faced by the dairy industry. Most of the enzymes are able to survive any heat treatment applied during the manufacture of milk powders and have the potential to remain active in milk powders and other dairy products during storage, and may explain some of the sensory and functionality defects reported in dairy products. Despite many reports on the occurrence of spore-forming bacteria in dairy products, knowledge about food quality related properties of many aerobic sporeformers is still scarce.

A study revealing the key aroma compounds of steamed bread made by Chinese traditional sourdough.

Aroma of Chinese steamed bread (CSB) is one of the important parameters that determines the overall quality attributes and consumer acceptance. However, the aroma profile of CSB still remains poorly understood, mainly because of relying on only a single method for aroma extraction in previous studies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the volatile aroma compounds of five different samples of CSB using three different aroma extraction methods, namely solid-phase microextraction (SPME), simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE), and purge and trap (P&T).

Submerged fermentation production and characterization of intracellular triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum using HPLC-ESI-MS.

As the main bioactive metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum, triterpenoids have various pharmacological effects. In this paper, the nutritional requirements and culture conditions of a submerged culture of G. lucidum were optimized using the response surface methodology; maximum mycelia biomass and intracellular triterpenoid production reached 1.

A RAPD based study revealing a previously unreported wide range of mesophilic and thermophilic spore formers associated with milk powders in China.

Aerobic spore forming bacteria are potential milk powder contaminants and are viewed as indicators of poor quality. A total of 738 bacteria, including both mesophilic and thermophilic, isolated from twenty-five powdered milk samples representative of three types of milk powders in China were analyzed based on the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocol to provide insight into species diversity. Bacillus licheniformis was found to be the most prevalent bacterium with greatest diversity (~43% of the total isolates) followed by Geobacillus stearothermophilus (~21% of the total isolates).

Compliance with severe sepsis bundles and its effect on patient outcomes of severe community-acquired pneumonia in a limited resources country.

Introduction: Validation of compliance with severe sepsis bundles is still needed. The purpose of this study was to determine compliance and its outcomes in severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients in a limited resources country.

Material And Methods: A prospective cohort study of 212 severe CAP patients was carried out.

Purification, identification, and in vivo activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide, from ribbonfish (Trichiurus haumela) backbone.

Ribbonfish (Trichiurus haumela) backbone is normally discarded as an industrial waste from fish processing. A method of developing angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) peptides from ribbonfish backbone was previously optimized. The purposes of the study were to characterize the active peptides in the hydrolysate and to evaluate its in vivo activity.

Optimization of biotransformation from phytosterol to androstenedione by a mutant Mycobacterium neoaurum ZJUVN-08.

Biotransformation of phytosterol (PS) by a newly isolated mutant Mycobacterium neoaurum ZJUVN-08 to produce androstenedione has been investigated in this paper. The parameters of the biotransformation process were optimized using fractional factorial design and response surface methodology. Androstenedione was the sole product in the fermentation broth catalyzed by the mutant M.

A novel one-step microbial transformation of betulin to betulinic acid catalysed by Cunninghamella blakesleeana.

Betulinic acid and its derivatives are potential bioactive compounds present in nature. This study investigated the biotransformation of betulin to betulinic acid by Cunninghamella blakesleeana cells. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that betulin could be transformed into at least five products from cultured C.

Preparative isolation and purification of xanthohumol from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) by high-speed counter-current chromatography.

Xanthohumol (XN) and related prenylflavonoids are the main bioactive components of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). The current work is to investigate the use of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) in search for high isolation of xanthohumol from hops.

[Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and early diagnosis of paraquat poisoning patients with acute kidney injury].

Objective: To explore the use of the urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (uNGAL) in the early diagnosis of paraquat poisoning patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: Eighty five patients were from the emergency department in our hospital. Five ml blood and urine were collected from each patient at 15 min, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h, 5 and 7d after admission.

Production of conjugated linoleic acids by Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from naturally fermented Chinese pickles.

Naturally fermented pickles harbour many lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Forty-three LAB strains with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-producing ability were isolated from three naturally fermented pickle brines. Of these isolates, lp15 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by API 50 CHL system and full-length 16S rDNA sequence analysis exhibited the highest CLA-producing ability (26.

Construction of the yeast whole-cell Rhizopus oryzae lipase biocatalyst with high activity.

Surface display is effectively utilized to construct a whole-cell biocatalyst. Codon optimization has been proven to be effective in maximizing production of heterologous proteins in yeast. Here, the cDNA sequence of Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) was optimized and synthesized according to the codon bias of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and based on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface display system with α-agglutinin as an anchor, recombinant yeast displaying fully codon-optimized ROL with high activity was successfully constructed.

[Clinical study of dynamic change of inflammatory factors in serum of acute paraquat rats].

Objective: To investigate the change of inflammatory factor in lung tissue of acute paraquat (PQ) poisoned rats.

Methods: hundred SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: the normal control group (NC group, n = 10) and the PQ group (n = 80). The 1 ml saline was administered once in normal control group.

[Construction and confirmation of a recombinant adenovirus vector of survivin].

Objective: To construct a recombinant adenovirus of survivin vector and provid valuable reference for gene therapy of laryngeal cancer.

Methods: The survivin gene was cloned by PCR. After confirmation by enzyme restriction analysis and sequencing, the gene and the adenovirus vector were recombined together to construct the recombinant adenovirus vector.

Colorectal cancer cell growth inhibition by linoleic acid is related to fatty acid composition changes.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) possess anti-cancer action both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we detected cell viability with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and cell membrane permeability with propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence dyeing, and calculated cell membrane fluidity change as fluorescence anisotropy. Fatty acid content in cells was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), and the relationship between fatty acid composition and cell viability was studied.

Oral administration of Clostridium butyricum for modulating gastrointestinal microflora in mice.

This study aimed to evaluate the safety of Clostridium butyricum and to investigate the effect of C. butyricum on mice ecosystem in the intestinal tract by way of examining the population of different microorganisms isolated from caecal contents. We firstly evaluated the safety of C.

A food-grade industrial arming yeast expressing beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase with enhanced thermal stability.

The aim of this work was to construct a novel food-grade industrial arming yeast displaying beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase and to evaluate the thermal stability of the glucanase for practical application. For this purpose, a bi-directional vector containing galactokinase (GAL1) and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) promoters in different orientations was constructed. The beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase gene from Bacillus subtilis was fused to alpha-agglutinin and expressed under the control of the GAL1 promoter.