[Distribution and Influencing Factors of DOM Components in Urban and Suburban Polluted Rivers].

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) in water environments is an important component of the global carbon cycle. Under the current urgency to control the pollution of urban rivers in China, exploring the influence of different exogenous and endogenous secondary pollution and weather patterns on river DOM is the premise to better understand the causes of the pollution. In this study, a large city in China was established as the research area, and the underlying water and sediments from 21 sites along urban and suburban rivers, and other water sources were evaluated.

Combined gastroscopic and choledochoscopic transabdominal nasobiliary drainage.

Common bile duct (CBD) stones are a frequent problem in Chinese populations, and their incidence is particularly high in certain areas (Wang et al., 2013). In recent years, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) have been the main surgical procedures for CBD stones, although each has different advantages and disadvantages in the treatment of choledocholithiasis (Loor et al.

SET Domain-Containing Protein 4 Epigenetically Controls Breast Cancer Stem Cell Quiescence.

Quiescent cancer stem cells (CSC) play important roles in tumorigenesis, relapse, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. However, the determinants of CSC quiescence and how they sustain themselves to generate tumors and relapse beyond resistance to chemoradiotherapy remains unclear. Here, we found that SET domain-containing protein 4 (SETD4) epigenetically controls breast CSC (BCSC) quiescence by facilitating heterochromatin formation via H4K20me3 catalysis.

Prognostic value of programmed cell death protein 1 expression on CD8+ T lymphocytes in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies and has a highly immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Immune checkpoint blockade has led to remarkable and durable objective responses in a number of malignancies and antibody-based strategies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are showing promise where traditional modalities of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have failed. In this study, we examined the clinical value of PD-1 protein expression by CD8+ peripheral T lymphocytes or tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Cholangiocarcinoma-derived exosomes inhibit the antitumor activity of cytokine-induced killer cells by down-regulating the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and perforin.

Objective: The aim of our study is to observe the impact of cholangiocarcinoma-derived exosomes on the antitumor activities of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells and then demonstrate the appropriate mechanism.

Methods: Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs), which are derived from RBE cells (human cholangiocarcinoma line), were collected by ultracentrifugation. CIK cells induced from peripheral blood were stimulated by TEXs.

Increasing the immune activity of exosomes: the effect of miRNA-depleted exosome proteins on activating dendritic cell/cytokine-induced killer cells against pancreatic cancer.

Background: Tumor-derived exosomes were considered to be potential candidates for tumor vaccines because they are abundant in immune-regulating proteins, whereas tumor exosomal miRNAs may induce immune tolerance, thereby having an opposite immune function.

Objective: This study was designed to separate exosomal protein and depleted exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), increasing the immune activity of exosomes for activating dendritic cell/cytokine-induced killer cells (DC/CIKs) against pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods: PC-derived exosomes (PEs) were extracted from cultured PANC-1 cell supernatants and then ruptured; this was followed by ultrafiltered exosome lysates (UELs).

Management of giant ovarian teratoma: A case series and review of the literature.

The management of ovarian teratomas in normal conditions is well established, but in rare giant cases (tumor diameter over 15 cm), the choice of management, such as laparotomic or laparoscopic approaches, are controversial and may be therapeutically challenging for surgeons. The aims of the current study were to analyze the clinical features of giant ovarian teratoma and to discuss its management. The clinical data of 330 patients with giant ovarian teratoma (of whom 1 patient was treated by the authors and 329 were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2010) were reviewed and analyzed.

Saline conducted electric coagulation (SCEC): original experience in experimental hepatectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and superiority of a new coagulating and hemostatic method named "saline conducted electric coagulation (SCEC)".

Methods: The Peng's multifunction operative dissector (PMOD) was modified to enable saline to effuse persistently out of its nib at a constant speed. In a group of six New Zealand rabbits, two hepatic lobes of each rabbits were resected respectively by SCEC and conventional electric coagulation (EC).

Transumbilical single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy using traditional laparoscopic instruments: a report of thirty-six cases.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the operation of transumbilical single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (TSPLC) by traditional laparoscopic instruments and summarize the initial experience.

Methods: Sixty subjects with cholelithiasis were divided into two groups. One group (36 cases) underwent TSPLC and the control group (24 cases) underwent traditional three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Assessment of ¹⁸⁸Re marked anti MHC class II antibody by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by donor alloantigen.

Background: Previous studies showed that anti MHC-II monoclone antibody (MAb) only had partial inhibiting effect of alloreactive mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in vitro and it was unsteady and non-persistent. The aim of this research was to determine whether radioactive isotope (188)Re marked MHC-II antibody could benefit the allograft acceptance in transplantation as compared to normal MHC-II antibody.

Methods: 188Re was incorporated to 2E9/13F (ab')(2) which is against swine MHC class II antigen (MAb-(188)Re).

Correlation of nitric oxide and other free radicals with the severity of acute pancreatitis and complicated systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation of nitric oxide (NO) and other free radicals with the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) and complicated systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

Methods: Fifty AP patients (24 simple AP patients and 26 patients with AP complicated by SIRS) were involved in the study. Fifty healthy volunteers were included as controls.

[Roles of nutrition risk screening and preventive enteral nutritional support before radical resection of gastric cancer].

Objective: To investigate the potential role of the preventive nutritional support in patients with nutritional risk defined by nutrition risk screening 2002(NRS 2002) before radical resection of gastric cancer.

Methods: Patients with gastric cancer were evaluated by NRS 2002 preoperatively. Elective patients with nutritional risk were randomly assigned into 3 d preventive enteral nutrition(EN) group versus control group.

[Research on telerobotic laparoscopic surgery and its applications].

A general review is here presented on the development, composition, existing problems and prospects of telerobotic laparoscopic surgery systems, based on the related literatures and informations in recent years.

Influence of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on intracellular pH and signal transduction in cancer cells.

Object: The authors studied the influence of CO(2) pneumoperitoneum on intracellular pH and signal transduction arising from cancer cell multiplication in laparoscopic tumor operation.

Method: They set up a simulation of pneumoperitoneum under different CO(2) pressure, and then measured the variation of intracellular pH (pHi) at different time and the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and protein phosphatase 2a (PP2a) at the end of the pneumoperitoneum. After 1 week, the concentration of cancer cells in the culture medium was calculated.