Effect of high-fat diet on the fatty acid profiles of brain in offspring mice exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Fatty acids play a critical role in the proper functioning of the brain. This study investigated the effects of a high-fat (HF) diet on brain fatty acid profiles of offspring exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: Insulin receptor antagonist (S961) and HF diet were used to establish the GDM animal model.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Remodels the Fetal Brain Fatty Acid Profile Through Placenta-Brain Lipid Axis in C57BL/6J Mice.

Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are critical for proper fetal brain growth and development. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) could affect maternal-fetal fatty acid metabolism.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of GDM and high-fat (HF) diet on the DHA transport signaling pathway in the placenta-brain axis and fatty acid concentrations in the fetal brain.

Efficacy and safety of ciprofol for agitation and delirium in the ICU: A multicenter, single-blind, 3-arm parallel randomized controlled trial study protocol.

Background: Agitation is very common in the intensive care unit (ICU). The causes include pain, delirium, underlying disease, withdrawal syndrome, and some drug treatments. The practical goal of ICU treatment is to find an appropriate sedation regimen to reduce pain, restlessness, and delirium.

Sagacious confucius' pillow elixir ameliorates Dgalactose induced cognitive injury in mice estrogenic effects and synaptic plasticity.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing concern in modern society, and there is currently a lack of effective therapeutic drugs. Sagacious Confucius' Pillow Elixir (SCPE) has been studied for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. This study aimed to reveal the key components and mechanisms of SCPE's anti-AD effect by combining Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-electrostatic field Orbitrap combined high-resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS) with a network pharmacology approach.

Association of Prepregnancy Obesity and Remodeled Maternal-Fetal Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles.

Background: Fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), are found abundantly in the brain and are fundamental for a fetus's growth. The fatty acid profiles of mothers and fetuses may be affected by maternal prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI), thus affecting fetal growth and development.

Methods: A total of 103 mother-fetus pairs were divided into overweight/obese (OW, = 26), normal weight (NW, = 60), and underweight (UW, = 17) groups according to pre-BMI.

Ketamine a dissociative anesthetic: Neurobiology and biomolecular exploration in depression.

Ketamine is gaining ground as a potential treating depression because it has a distinct mode of action than typical drugs that influence monoamine neurotransmitters including noradrenaline, dopamine, or serotonin. Ketamine is thought to act by blocking N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the brain, which interact with the amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate. The resultant chemical changes in the brain caused by ketamine are not yet fully understood but could involve ketamine-induced gene expression and signaling cascades that act long after the drug has been eliminated from the body.

[Diagnosis and treatment of Charcot's osteoarthropathy].

Charcot foot is a rare disease in clinic, its pathogenesis includes neurotrauma theory, neurovascular theory, comprehensive theory, and inflammatory factor theory. The disease is characterized by progressive joint and bone destruction of foot and ankle joint. Conventional X-ray examination is not sensitive to the early diagnosis of disease, the manifestation of CT and MRI of disease is characteristic and could be used to make a comprehensive evaluation of bone and soft tissue lesions of disease.

Last Patents on Bubble Electrospinning.

Due to their unique properties, nanofibers have been widely used in various areas, for example, information industry, pharmaceutical application, environmental industry, textile and clothing, etc. Bubble electrospinning is one of the most important non-needle electrospinning methods for nanofiber fabrication. It usually uses polymer bubbles for the production of nanomaterials by using electrostatic force, flowing air or mechanical force to overcome the surface tension of bubbles.

Delivery of Local Anesthesia: Current Strategies, Safety, and Future Prospects.

Background: The systemic administration of anesthesia is associated with severe and undesirable side effects such as sedation, vomiting, nausea, allergies, respiratory problems, and neutrophil dysfunction. With the increase in the procedures of limb surgery, cosmetics, facial, skin, and cancer reconstruction, the demand for local anesthesia has increased multifold during the last one decade. Therefore, novel, safe, and cost-effective methods are being developed to deliver local anesthetics by the surgeons.

Association analysis of polymorphisms of G protein-coupled receptor 54 gene exons with reproductive traits in Jiaxing Black sows.

Objective: The aim of this study was to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) gene and explore association of this candidate gene with reproductive traits in Jiaxing Black sows.

Methods: Six pairs of primers of the gene were designed to amplify all exons thus sequences of which were detected by means of direct sequencing and then SNP loci were scanned. The effects of SNPs on total number of piglets born (TNB), number of piglets born alive (NBA), number of still born piglets (NSB), and litter weight at birth (LWB) of Jiaxing Black sows were analyzed.

Effects of wogonin on the mechanism of melanin synthesis in A375 cells.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of wogonin on the mechanism of melanin synthesis in the A375 melanoma cell line. A375 cells, cultured , were treated with wogonin and the activity of tyrosinase (TYR) and melanin synthesis were examined via MTT assay, L-dopa oxidation assay and an NaOH lysis assay. Protein expression levels of TYR and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were examined via western blotting.

Genetic Variants in the ELOVL5 but not ELOVL2 Gene Associated with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Han Chinese Breast Milk.

The present study was designed to examine the contributions of the fatty acid elongase (ELOVL) gene polymorphisms to the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast milk. Two hundred and nine healthy Han Chinese mothers were included in the study. Carriers of minor alleles of SNPs (rs2397142 and rs9357760) in ELOVL5 were associated with higher levels of linoleic acid (LA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), arachidonic acid (AA), docosatetraenoic acid (DTA), docosahexenoic acid (DHA), while in rs209512 of ELOVL5 the carriers of minor alleles had lower levels of DTA compared to major homozygote alleles (P ranged from 0.

Effects of bavachin and its regulation of melanin synthesis in A375 cells.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of bavachin treatment on A375 cells and the regulation of melanin synthesis. The cultured A375 cells were treated with bavachin; and the effect of bavachin on cell activity, tyrosinase (TYR) activity and melanin synthesis were respectively tested by the MTT assay, L-dopa oxidation assay and the NaOH lysis assay. The expression levels of TYR and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) proteins were tested by western blot analysis.

Association of polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk with fatty acid desaturase gene polymorphisms among Chinese lactating mothers.

Background: The fatty acid desaturase (FADS) controls polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis in human tissues and breast milk.

Design: Evaluate the influence of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and various haplotypes in the FADS gene cluster (FADS1, FADS2, FADS3) on PUFA concentration in the breast milk of 209 healthy Chinese women. PUFA concentrations were measured in breast milk using gas chromatography and genotyping was performed using the Sequenom Mass Array system.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibition protects cardiomyocytes from inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural alterations such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, necrosis and focal fibrosis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme which can be activated by DNA damage and plays a critical role in various diseases. We hypothesized that PARP-1 may play an important role in DCM and that its inhibition may protect cardiomyocytes from inflammation and apoptosis in DCM.

[Identification of Bx02 Alleles and Genetic Analysis of the Involved Ancestry].

Objective: To identify the genotypes of the blood sample whose blood grouping showed discrepancies and study the ABO alleles' molecular characteristics of the involved ancestry.

Methods: Blood samples were preliminary genotyped by PCR-SSP. Complete exon 6 and 7 in the ABO genes were amplified by PCR and the PCR products were directly sequenced and cloning sequenced to identify its genotype.

Formal synthesis of (±)-morphine.

The pain ends here: A novel synthetic strategy for the construction of (±)-morphine rings B and E was developed, in which SmI2 -promoted reductive coupling/desulfurization and tandem alcoholysis/oxa-Michael addition featured as the key steps for the assembly of the C9-C14 and C5-O bonds, respectively. Asymmetric tandem alcoholysis/oxa-Michael addition was also feasible for the enantiocontrolled synthesis of morphine.

[Meta-analysis of effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of pregnant women on head circumference of newborn infants].

Objective: To evaluate systematically the effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC-PUFA) supplementation of pregnant women on head circumference of newborn infants.

Methods: A thorough literature search was done for full texts which studied the effect of n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation of pregnant women on head circumference of newborn infants among PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese periodical full text database and Wanfang database using the mesh terms as n-3, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA, EPA, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, fish oil, pregnancy, infant. Only randomized controlled trials were chosen for analysis.

[A survey of knowledge on common cold in outpatient clinics].

Objective: To investigate outpatients' cognition towards common cold and their habituated medication so as to provide evidence for future public healthcare education.

Methods: Patients who attended hospital for diagnosis and treatment of common cold at least within past three months were asked to fill a questionnaire independently so as to learn their cognition towards common cold and medication habit.

Results: Among the patients underwent survey, 52.

[Multiple functions-targeted algorithms and potential applications of forest simulation optimization system (FSOS)].

Forest Simulation and Optimization System (FSOS) model has been widely used in British Columbia of Canada and in Changbai Mountains of China. This model is based on the viewpoint of harmonized and balanced management of forest resources and the application of simulated annealing optimized algorithms in arranging forest management schemes, aimed to realize the sustainable and harmonized development of forest resources multiple objective management and to transform forests to their desired status. The multiple functions (or the multiple objectives) in the FSOS model include water storage and purification, carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat protection, biodiversity conservation, visual landscape quality, and timber production, and the desired forest status is comprehensively defined by experts, environmental organizations, and government policies.

[Values of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis of chronic cough].

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in the diagnosis of chronic cough.

Methods: A total of 106 subjects with chronic cough and normal chest radiographs were recruited from October 2009 to September 2010. Based on the management guidelines of the Chinese Respiratory Society for cough, the golden standard methods were used to make the definite diagnosis of chronic cough, including sputum cell counts, pulmonary function tests, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, 24-h esophageal pH monitoring, skin pricking test and serum immunoglobulin E.

Ghrelin modulates insulin sensitivity and tau phosphorylation in high glucose-induced hippocampal neurons.

Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid brain-gut peptide expressed in periphery tissues and the central nervous system, has been demonstrated to increase insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. Recent data have indicated that insulin resistance exists in the brain and is related to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether ghrelin increased high glucose-induced hippocampal neuron insulin sensitivity, and further modulated tau phosphorylation.

[Survey of asthma control and perception in asthmatic outpatients of Beijing urban district].

Objective: To evaluate the status of asthma control and asthma perception in asthmatic outpatients of Beijing urban district.

Methods: A questionnaire survey in a face-to-face setting was conducted among 360 asthmatic out-patients, 144 males and 316 females, aged (48 +/- 15), from June 2007 to December 2007 in 3 class 3 first level general hospitals in 3 Beijing urban districts.

Results: Among 360 asthmatic patients, 325 (90.