The downstream purification of bispecific antibodies.

Bispecific antibodies, a class of therapeutic antibodies, can simultaneously bind to two distinct targets. Compared with monospecific antibodies, bispecific antibodies offer advantages, including superior efficacy and reduced side effects. However, because of their structural complexity, the purification of bispecific antibodies is highly challenging.

Phytosphinganine Affects Plasmodesmata Permeability via Facilitating PDLP5-Stimulated Callose Accumulation in Arabidopsis.

Plant plasmodesmata (PDs) are specialized channels that enable communication between neighboring cells. The intercellular permeability of PDs, which affects plant development, defense, and responses to stimuli, must be tightly regulated. However, the lipid compositions of PD membrane and their impact on PD permeability remain elusive.

Interfacial Nanostructure and Asymmetric Electrowetting of Ionic Liquids.

In this work, the interfacial nanostructure and electrowetting of ionic liquids having the same 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation ([EMIm]) but different anions such as bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI), trifluoromethylsulfonate (TfO), methylsulfonate (OMs), acetate (OAc), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI), dicyanamide (DCA), and tris(pentafluorethyl)trifluorphosphat (FAP) on bare metallic electrodes were investigated. In the investigated voltammetric potential regime, the contact angle versus voltage curve is asymmetric with respect to surface polarity. The electrowetting of the ILs occurs at negative potentials but does not occur at positive potentials.