Maternal phthalates exposure promotes neural stem cell differentiation into phagocytic astrocytes and synapse engulfment via IRE1α/XBP1s pathway.

Humans are widely exposed to phthalates, a common chemical plasticizer. Previous cohort studies have revealed that maternal exposure to monobutyl phthalate (MBP), a key metabolite of phthalates, is associated with neurodevelopmental defects. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear.

A Novel Neuroprotective Derived Peptide of Erythropoietin Improved Cognitive Function in Vascular Dementia Mice.

The effective therapeutics for vascular dementia are still lacking. Here, we designed a novel derived peptide of erythropoietin-DEPO and evaluated its safety, erythropoiesis effect, and neuroprotective effects in mice of vascular dementia. For evaluating the safety and erythropoiesis, DEPO was injected into naive C57BL6 mice (n = 5) for 4-8 weeks, and venous blood was collected at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after DEPO treatment.

Refraction difference value variations in children and adolescents with different refractive errors.

Aim: To evaluate the refraction difference value (RDV) variations in children and adolescents with different refractive errors and analyze its correlation with refractive development.

Methods: Participants aged 4-16y with different refractive statuses (hyperopia, emmetropia, myopia) underwent comprehensive eye examinations, including spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, axial length (AL), total RDV (TRDV), and RDVs at various eccentricities (0°-15°, 15°-30°, 30°-45°) and quadrants (inferior, superior, nasal, temporal). Statistical analysis involved one-way ANOVA for group comparisons and Pearson correlation for examining relationships between SE/AL and RDVs.

Photobiocatalytic Platform for the Efficient Enantio-Divergent Synthesis of β-Fluoromethylated Ketones.

β-Fluoromethyl (CHF, CHF, and CF)-substituted chiral ketones are essential moieties and are vital building blocks in pharmaceutical and agrochemistry. However, general and convenient methods for enantio-diverse access to diverse β-fluoromethylated ketones are lacking, hindering the further development of these functional moieties. In this study, we developed an ene-reductase-based photobiocatalytic platform for efficient synthesis of enantio-divergent β-fluoromethylated chiral ketones.

Tropism-shifted AAV-PHP.eB-mediated bFGF gene therapy promotes varied neurorestoration after ischemic stroke in mice.

AAV-PHP.eB is an artificial adeno-associated virus (AAV) that crosses the blood-brain barrier and targets neurons more efficiently than other AAVs when administered systematically. While AAV-PHP.

Age-Related Dysfunction in Balance: A Comprehensive Review of Causes, Consequences, and Interventions.

This review delves into the multifaceted aspects of age-related balance changes, highlighting their prevalence, underlying causes, and the impact they have on the elderly population. Central to this discussion is the exploration of various physiological changes that occur with aging, such as alterations in the vestibular, visual, proprioceptive systems, and musculoskeletal degeneration. We examine the role of neurological disorders, cognitive decline, and medication side effects in exacerbating balance issues.

Effect of endoscopic therapy and drug therapy on prognosis and rebleeding in patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding.

Esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB) is one of the common digestive system emergencies with poor prognosis and high rate of rebleeding after treatment. To explore the effects of endoscopic therapy and drug therapy on the prognosis and rebleeding of patients with EVB, and then select better treatment methods to effectively improve the prognosis. From January 2013 to December 2022, 965 patients with EVB who were hospitalized in gastroenterology Department of the 940 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Forces of PLA were retrospectively analyzed.

Hemorrhagic stroke-induced subtype of inflammatory reactive astrocytes disrupts blood-brain barrier.

Astrocytes undergo disease-specific transcriptomic changes upon brain injury. However, phenotypic changes of astrocytes and their functions remain unclear after hemorrhagic stroke. Here we reported hemorrhagic stroke induced a group of inflammatory reactive astrocytes with high expression of and , as well as inflammation-related genes , (C3), and .

Monomeric CXCL12-Engineered Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Transplantation for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) possess therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury, and the chemokine CXCL12 has been shown to enhance their functional properties. However, the cumulative effects of ASCs when combined with various structures of CXCL12 on ischemic stroke and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we genetically engineered mouse adipose-derived ASCs with CXCL12 variants and transplanted them to the infarct region in a mice transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model of stroke.

Engineered exosomes mediated targeted delivery of neuroprotective peptide NR2B9c for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.

Neuroprotection is one of the core treatment strategies for brain injuries including traumatic brain injury (TBI). NR2B9c is a promising neuroprotective peptide but its clinical translation is limited because of poor brain penetrability. Exosomes are naturally occurring nanovesicles having therapeutic potential for TBI as well as an efficient drug delivery carrier to the brain.

CCL5 mediated astrocyte-T cell interaction disrupts blood-brain barrier in mice after hemorrhagic stroke.

The crosstalk between reactive astrocytes and infiltrated immune cells plays a critical role in maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. However, how astrocytes interact with immune cells and the effect of their interaction on BBB integrity after hemorrhagic stroke are still unclear. By performing RNA sequencing in astrocytes that were activated by interleukin-1α (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and complement component 1q (C1q) treatment, we found CCL5 was among the top upregulated genes.

Unlocking mild-condition benzene ring contraction using nonheme diiron -oxygenase.

Benzene ring contractions are useful yet rare reactions that offer a convenient synthetic route to various valuable chemicals. However, the traditional methods of benzene contraction rely on noble-metal catalysts under extreme conditions with poor efficiency and uncontrollable selectivity. Mild-condition contractions of the benzene ring are rarely reported.

Bio-clickable, small extracellular vesicles-COCKTAIL therapy for ischemic stroke.

Delivering large therapeutic molecules via the blood-brain barrier to treat ischemic stroke remains challenging. NR2B9c is a potent neuroprotective peptide but it's safe and targeted delivery to the brain requires an efficient, natural, and non-immunogenic delivery technique. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have shown great potential as a non-immunogenic, natural cargo delivery system; however, tailoring of its inefficient brain targeting is desired.

Advanced rehabilitation in ischaemic stroke research.

At present, due to the rapid progress of treatment technology in the acute phase of ischaemic stroke, the mortality of patients has been greatly reduced but the number of disabled survivors is increasing, and most of them are elderly patients. Physicians and rehabilitation therapists pay attention to develop all kinds of therapist techniques including physical therapy techniques, robot-assisted technology and artificial intelligence technology, and study the molecular, cellular or synergistic mechanisms of rehabilitation therapies to promote the effect of rehabilitation therapy. Here, we discussed different animal and in vitro models of ischaemic stroke for rehabilitation studies; the compound concept and technology of neurological rehabilitation; all kinds of biological mechanisms of physical therapy; the significance, assessment and efficacy of neurological rehabilitation; the application of brain-computer interface, rehabilitation robotic and non-invasive brain stimulation technology in stroke rehabilitation.

M2 Microglial Extracellular Vesicles Attenuated Blood-brain Barrier Disruption via MiR-23a-5p in Cerebral Ischemic Mice.

Protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis after ischemic stroke. Previous studies showed that M2 microglial extracellular vesicles (EVs) played a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia. However, the role of M2 microglial EVs in maintaining BBB integrity is unclear.

M2 Microglia Extracellular Vesicle miR-124 Regulates Neural Stem Cell Differentiation in Ischemic Stroke via AAK1/NOTCH.

Background: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from M2 microglia (M2-microglia-derived small extracellular vesicles [M2-sEVs]) contribute to central nervous system repair, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify the mechanism through which microRNA-124 (miR-124) carried in sEVs promotes neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the ischemic mouse brain.

Methods: M2-sEVs with or without miR-124 knockdown were injected intravenously for 7 consecutive days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery.

USP14 inhibition promotes recovery by protecting BBB integrity and attenuating neuroinflammation in MCAO mice.

Aim: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of ischemic stroke. USP14 has been reported to play a detrimental role in ischemic brain injury. However, the role of USP14 in BBB dysfunction after ischemic stroke is unclear.

Hantzsch Ester as Efficient and Economical NAD(P)H Mimic for In Vitro Bioredox Reactions.

Biocatalysis has emerged as a valuable and reliable tool for industrial and academic societies, particularly in fields related to bioredox reactions. The cost of cofactors, especially those needed to be replenished at stoichiometric amounts or more, is the chief economic concern for bioredox reactions. In this study, a readily accessible, inexpensive, and bench-stable Hantzsch ester is verified as the viable and efficient NAD(P)H mimic by four enzymatic redox transformations, including two non-heme diiron N-oxygenases and two flavin-dependent reductases.

Optogenetic Activation of Astrocytes Reduces Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via IL-10 In Stroke.

Optogenetics has been used to regulate astrocyte activity and modulate neuronal function after brain injury. Activated astrocytes regulate blood-brain barrier functions and are thereby involved in brain repair. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of optogenetic-activated astrocytes on the change in barrier function in ischemic stroke remain obscure.

Engineering Neurovascular Unit and Blood-Brain Barrier for Ischemic Stroke Modeling.

Ischemic stroke is a primary vascular disease of the central nervous system characterized by high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. As conventional ischemic stroke models fail to predict therapeutic efficacy, in vitro neurovascular unit (NVU)/blood-brain barrier (BBB) models are utilized to model ischemic stroke through replicating the cell-cell interactions and mimicking the blood flow and anatomical features of the brain. Here, an overview of transwell, microfluidic, and hydrogel-based NVU/BBB models is provided, including cell types, engineering approaches, and the simulation of physiological and pathological features of NVU/BBB after ischemic stroke.