Behavioral effects of different attractants on adult male and female oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta.

Background: Grapholita molesta (Busck) is a fruit pest worldwide. While sex pheromones-based technology for male attraction has made great progress in the monitoring or mass trapping of G. molesta, the attraction of males alone is not an effective reproductive control strategy.

Role of Kinetic Instability in Runaway-Electron Avalanches and Elevated Critical Electric Fields.

The effects of kinetic whistler wave instabilities on the runaway-electron (RE) avalanche is investigated. With parameters from experiments at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, we show that RE scattering from excited whistler waves can explain several poorly understood experimental results. We find an enhancement of the RE avalanche for low density and high electric field, but for high density and low electric field the scattering can suppress the avalanche and raise the threshold electric field, bringing the present model much closer to observations.

[Oxidation of mercury by CuBr2 decomposition under controlled-release membrane catalysis condition].

CuBr2 in the multi-porous ceramic membrane can release Br2 at high temperature, which was employed as the oxidant for Hg0 oxidation. Hg0 oxidation efficiency was studied by a membrane catalysis device. Meanwhile, a reaction and in situ monitoring device was designed to avoid the impact of Br2 on the downstream pipe.

Heavy metal contamination in soil alongside mountain railway in Sichuan, China.

Heavy metal concentration in soil was investigated at three sites with different topography (cut slope, flat and embankment) within the vicinity of Chengdu-Kunming railway in Sichuan, China. Surface soil was sampled at certain distances from the track at each site and was analyzed for Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd by atomic absorption spectrometry. Cu, Cd and Zn concentrations in some soil exceeded the thresholds for non-polluted soil following the soil quality standard set by the State Environmental Protection Agency of China.

Applied anatomy of the lower cervical pedicle screw insertion.

Objective: To ascertain an accurate approach to inserting the pedicle screw into C3-C7 segments of the cervical vertebra.

Methods: Anatomic morphology of lateral mass and pedicle, and their anatomic relationship with the adjacent tissue were observed on C3-C7 segments of 25 adult embalmed cadavers (50 sides).

Results: 1) The inferior edge of the base of the posterior tubercle of the transverse process and the inferior edge of the pedicle were connected with each other on 25 adult embalmed cadavers (50 sides).