Dynamic development of microglia and macrophages after spinal cord injury.

Secondary injury following spinal cord injury is primarily characterized by a complex inflammatory response, with resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages playing pivotal roles. While previous studies have grouped these two cell types together based on similarities in structure and function, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that microglia and macrophages exhibit differences in structure and function and have different effects on disease processes. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to identify the distinct evolutionary paths of microglia and macrophages following spinal cord injury.

Machine learning for identifying tumor stemness genes and developing prognostic model in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer presents a formidable challenge, marked by its debilitating nature and often dire prognosis. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of tumor stem cells in exacerbating treatment resistance and fueling disease recurrence in gastric cancer. Thus, the identification of genes contributing to tumor stemness assumes paramount importance.

Facile Access to High Solid Content Monodispersed Microspheres via Dual-Component Surfactants Regulation toward High-Performance Colloidal Photonic Crystals.

Monodispersed microspheres play a major role in optical science and engineering, providing ideal building blocks for structural color materials. However, the method toward high solid content (HSC) monodispersed microspheres has remained a key hurdle. Herein, a facile access to harvest monodispersed microspheres based on the emulsion polymerization mechanism is demonstrated, where anionic and nonionic surfactants are employed to achieve the electrostatic and steric dual-stabilization balance in a synergistic manner.

Interfacial solvation-structure regulation for stable Li metal anode by a desolvation coating technique.

Rechargeable lithium (Li) metal batteries face challenges in achieving stable cycling due to the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The Li-ion solvation structure and its desolvation process are crucial for the formation of a stable SEI on Li metal anodes and improving Li plating/stripping kinetics. This research introduces an interfacial desolvation coating technique to actively modulate the Li-ion solvation structure at the Li metal interface and regulate the participation of the electrolyte solvent in SEI formation.

HE@PCL/PCE Gel-Nanofiber Dressing with Robust Self-Adhesion toward High Wound-Healing Rate via Microfluidic Electrospinning Technology.

Hydrogels have attracted increasing attention in the biomedical field due to their similarity in structure and composition to natural extracellular matrices. However, they have been greatly limited by their low mechanical strength and self-adhesion for further application. Here, a gel-nanofiber material is designed for wound healing, which synergistically combines the benefits of hydrogels and nanofibers and can overcome the bottleneck of poor mechanical strength and self-adhesion in hydrogels and inadequate healing environment created by nanofibers.

Realizing high-capacity all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries using a low-density inorganic solid-state electrolyte.

Lithium-sulfur all-solid-state batteries using inorganic solid-state electrolytes are considered promising electrochemical energy storage technologies. However, developing positive electrodes with high sulfur content, adequate sulfur utilization, and high mass loading is challenging. Here, to address these concerns, we propose using a liquid-phase-synthesized LiPS-2LiBH glass-ceramic solid electrolyte with a low density (1.

Trend of glaucoma internal filtration surgeries in a tertiary hospital in China.

Aim: To evaluate the trend of glaucoma internal filtration surgeries for inpatients between 2015 and 2021 at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.

Methods: A review of the medical records of inpatients who had been diagnosed with glaucoma and received anti-glaucoma surgery between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021 was conducted. The glaucoma diagnosis in this study included primary open angle glaucoma, primary angle-closure glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and paediatric glaucoma.

Dose-response relationship of blood flow restriction training on isometric muscle strength, maximum strength and lower limb extensor strength: A meta-analysis.

To perform a meta-analysis on the efficacy and dose-response relationship of blood flow restriction training on muscle strength reported worldwide. Thirty-four eligible articles with a total sample size of 549 participants were included in the meta-analysis. This study was performed using the method recommended by the Cochrane Handbook (https://training.

Parents' willingness to vaccinate themselves and their children with the booster vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A cross-sectional study in Puyang city, China.

We aimed to investigate the hesitancy and willingness of parents to vaccinate themselves and their children with a booster dose against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and related factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Puyang city, China. The information was collected, including demographic characteristics, willingness to receive a booster dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, and attitudes and concerns toward COVID-19 and vaccines.

Modeling and Predicting Pulmonary Tuberculosis Incidence and Its Association with Air Pollution and Meteorological Factors Using an ARIMAX Model: An Ecological Study in Ningbo of China.

The autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous regressors (ARIMAX) modeling studies of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are still rare. This study aims to explore whether incorporating air pollution and meteorological factors can improve the performance of a time series model in predicting PTB. We collected the monthly incidence of PTB, records of six air pollutants and six meteorological factors in Ningbo of China from January 2015 to December 2019.

Clovamide, a Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amide, Is a Resistance Factor Against spp. in .

The hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) are a diverse group of plant-specialized phenylpropanoid metabolites distributed widely in the plant kingdom and are known to be involved in tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. The HCAA clovamide is reported in a small number of distantly related species. To explore the contribution of specialized metabolites to disease resistance in cacao ( L.

Photoredox-Mediated Remote C(sp)-H Heteroarylation of -Alkyl Sulfonamides.

A Minisci-type δ-selective C(sp)-H heteroarylation of sulfonyl-protected primary aliphatic amines with -heteroarenes under photoredox-catalyzed conditions was developed. The reaction typically uses a slight excess of amine reactant. The use of benziodoxole acetate (BI-OAc) oxidant and hexafluoroisopropanol solvent is critical to achieve high yield.

Photoredox-mediated remote C(sp)-H heteroarylation of free alcohols.

We report an efficient and economical method for remote δ C(sp)-H heteroarylation of free aliphatic alcohols using a hypervalent iodine PFBI-OH oxidant under photoredox catalysis. The reaction sequence involves alcoholysis of PFBI-OH with alcohol, generation of an alkoxy radical intermediate by SET reduction, 1,5-HAT, and Minisci-type C-C bond formation. This method uses a slight excess of alcohols, can facilitate reaction at δ methyl and methylene positions, and has been successfully applied to modification of complex drug molecules.

Direct synthesis of 3-acylbenzothiophenes via the radical cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles with α-oxocarboxylic acids.

A radical cascade cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles with α-oxocarboxylic acids with AgNO3 has been described. This reaction provides a novel route to directly access 3-acylbenzothiophenes from simple chemical feedstocks. In particular, the utility of the approach was demonstrated by its application to the synthesis of a polymerization inhibitor and a raloxifene precursor.

Epimerization of Tertiary Carbon Centers via Reversible Radical Cleavage of Unactivated C(sp)-H Bonds.

Reversible cleavage of C(sp)-H bonds can enable racemization or epimerization, offering a valuable tool to edit the stereochemistry of organic compounds. While epimerization reactions operating via cleavage of acidic C(sp)-H bonds, such as the Cα-H of carbonyl compounds, have been widely used in organic synthesis and enzyme-catalyzed biosynthesis, epimerization of tertiary carbons bearing a nonacidic C(sp)-H bond is much more challenging with few practical methods available. Herein, we report the first synthetically useful protocol for the epimerization of tertiary carbons via reversible radical cleavage of unactivated C(sp)-H bonds with hypervalent iodine reagent benziodoxole azide and HO under mild conditions.

A unified photoredox-catalysis strategy for C(sp)-H hydroxylation and amidation using hypervalent iodine.

We report a unified photoredox-catalysis strategy for both hydroxylation and amidation of tertiary and benzylic C-H bonds. Use of hydroxyl perfluorobenziodoxole (PFBl-OH) oxidant is critical for efficient tertiary C-H functionalization, likely due to the enhanced electrophilicity of the benziodoxole radical. Benzylic methylene C-H bonds can be hydroxylated or amidated using unmodified hydroxyl benziodoxole oxidant Bl-OH under similar conditions.

Photoredox-mediated Minisci C-H alkylation of -heteroarenes using boronic acids and hypervalent iodine.

A photoredox-mediated Minisci C-H alkylation reaction of -heteroarenes with alkyl boronic acids is reported. A broad range of primary and secondary alkyl groups can be efficiently incorporated into various -heteroarenes using [Ru(bpy)]Cl as photocatalyst and acetoxybenziodoxole as oxidant under mild conditions. The reaction exhibits excellent substrate scope and functional group tolerance, and offers a broadly applicable method for late-stage functionalization of complex substrates.

Halogen-Bond-Promoted Photoactivation of Perfluoroalkyl Iodides: A Photochemical Protocol for Perfluoroalkylation Reactions.

A new protocol for photochemical perfluoroalkylation reactions using perfluoroalkyl iodide, amine additive, and THF solvent is reported. This protocol does not require a photoredox catalyst and proceeds at ambient temperature with irradiation from a compact fluorescent lamp, low-intensity UV lamp, or sunlight. This protocol can be applied to the synthesis of perfluoroalkyl-substituted phenanthridines as well as effect the iodo-perfluoroalkylation of alkenes/alkynes and the C-H perfluoroalkylation of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes.

Correction: Photoredox-mediated Minisci C-H alkylation of -heteroarenes using boronic acids and hypervalent iodine.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C6SC02653B.].

A visible-light-promoted radical reaction system for azidation and halogenation of tertiary aliphatic C-H bonds.

A highly tunable radical-mediated reaction system for the functionalization of tertiary aliphatic C-H bonds was developed. Reactions of various substrates with the Zhdankin azidoiodane reagent , Ru(bpy)Cl, and visible light irradiation at room temperature gave C-H azidated or halogenated products in an easily controllable fashion. These reactions are efficient, selective, and compatible with complex substrates.

Biocompatibility and drug release behavior of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) corneal shield in vivo.

Unlabelled: Backgound: Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol corneal cap has good biocompatibility and drug slow release characteristics, which provided new treatment method for anterior segment disease. Our study was to evaluate biocompatibility of poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan corneal shield's intraocular and investigate its feasibility to treat ocular surface disorders.

Methods: Thirty-six white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups.

Protective effect of resveratrol on lens epithelial cell apoptosis in diabetic cataract rat.

Objective: To study the protective effect of resveratrol on lens epithelial cell apoptosis in diabetic cataract rat.

Methods: A total of 84 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: 12 in Group A (control group), 24 in Group B (diabetic cataract group), 24 in Group C (therapeutic-dose of resveratrol group) and 24 in Group D (low-dose of resveratrol group). Rats in Group B-D were given with 60 mg/kg streptozotocin through intraperitoneal injection.

Intramolecular etherification and polyene cyclization of π-activated alcohols promoted by hot water.

Hot water, acting as a mildly acidic catalyst, efficiently promoted intramolecular direct nucleophilic substitution reactions of unsaturated alcohols with heteroatom or carbon nucleophiles. In a mixed solvent of water and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), polyene cyclizations using allylic alcohols as initiators gave the desired cyclized products, and in neat HFIP, a tricyclization reaction gave a tetracyclic product in 51% chemical yield.

[Evaluation of excess mortality caused by PM2.5 in four typical Chinese big cities].

Objective: To evaluate the adverse effects of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) on public health in four typical cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi'an.