[Nasal endoscopy-assisted bulboprostatic anastomosis for posterior urethral stricture].

Objective: To study the clinical value and operation skills of nasal endoscopy-assisted bulboprostatic anastomosis in the treatment of posterior urethral stricture.

Methods: Between January 2012 and November 2014, we performed nasal endoscopy-assisted bulboprostatic anastomosis for 12 male patients with posterior urethral stricture. We recorded the operation time, blood loss, exposure of operation visual field, and success rate of anastomosis and summarized the operation skills.

[Risk features of HBV in human hepatocarcinogenesis: a nested case-controlled study].

Objective: To identify the association strength of the prevalence of HBeAg, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and 1762/1764 nucleotide mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Qidong high risk male cohort.

Methods: A cohort of 377 middle aged HBV infected men in Qidong was followed from January 1989 to December 2002. Incident HCC cases were carefully registered.

Tight association of hepatocellular carcinoma with HBV infection in North China.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cancer in China. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) and aflatoxins are known risk factors for HCC, but the etiological status of these factors in HCC development is not clear. This study was undertaken to define the absolute importance of HBV in hepatocarcinogenesis of North China.