Brigatinib, a newly discovered AXL inhibitor, suppresses AXL-mediated acquired resistance to osimertinib in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

In addition to the classical resistance mechanisms, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase AXL is a main mechanism of resistance to third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) osimertinib in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Developing an effective AXL inhibitor is important to sensitize osimertinib in clinical application. In this study we assessed the efficacy of brigatinib, a second-generation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-TKI, as a novel AXL inhibitor, in overcoming acquired resistance to osimertinib induced by AXL activation.

Heterogeneity of immune control in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Clinical implications on immunity with interferon-α treatment and retreatment.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health issue. Interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment has been used to treat hepatitis B for over 20 years, but fewer than 5% of Asians receiving IFN-α treatment achieve functional cure. Thus, IFN-α retreatment has been introduced to enhance antiviral function.

Role of transcribed ultraconserved regions in gastric cancer and therapeutic perspectives.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. The occurrence and development of GC is a complex process involving multiple biological mechanisms. Although traditional regulation modulates molecular functions related to the occurrence and development of GC, the comprehensive mechanisms remain unclear.

Diagnostic possibility of the combination of exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophil count for eosinophilic asthma.

Background: Tests to identify reversible airflow limitation are important in asthma diagnosis, but they are time-consuming and it may be difficult for patients to cooperate. We aimed to evaluate whether the combination of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophil (B-Eos) can be used to distinguish some asthma patients who could avoid objective tests.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 7463 suspected asthma cases between January 2014 and December 2019 in Chongqing, China, and identified 2349 patients with complete FeNO, B-Eos count, and spirometry data.

New therapeutic options for persistent low-level viremia in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Increase of entecavir dosage.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB) is a public health concern worldwide. Current therapies utilizing nucleos(t)ide analogs (NA) have not resulted in a complete cure for CHB. Furthermore, patients on long-term NA treatment often develop low-level viremia (LLV).

[Long-term effect of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets combined with traditional Chinese medicine on adulthood fertility].

To preliminarily investigate the effect of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets( TGT) combined with traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) on the fertility and female menstruation on persons who have took during childhood. The children with henoch-schonlein purpura( HSP) or henoch-schonlein purpura nephritis( HSPN) who treated with TGT under 18 years old and now older than 18 years old( including 18 years old) during January 1998 to December 2010 were selected in our research. The content of follow-up visit included marriage,marriage age,fertility and child health; and unmarried female patients were asked whether they had menstrual abnormalities.

Correlation between endocapillary proliferative and nephrotic-range proteinuria in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis.

Background: The endocapillary proliferative (EP) lesion is not included in the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) pathological classification of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). The main objective of the study was to determine the pathological importance of EP in the development of proteinuria in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN).

Methods: The pathological features of 148 HSPN children with nephrotic-range proteinuria were investigated retrospectively.

Efficacy of interferon for chronic hepatitis B in patients with nucleoside and nucleotide combination therapy failure.

Background And Aim: In China, inappropriate therapies with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) have induced hepatitis B virus resistance, combination therapy with nucleoside and nucleotide (ComTNsNt) failure, or multi-drug resistant mutations. However, the efficacy of combination therapy with entecavir plus tenofovir for ComTNsNt failure is limited. In the current study, the regimens of interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy, switching from NAs to IFN-α, and subsequent re-treatment with IFN-α were applied to treat ComTNsNt failure.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of membranoproliferative-like Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis in children.

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to define the clinical manifestations, pathological features and prognosis of children with membranoproliferative-like Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), representing International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) grade VI.

Methods: Among 245 patients with HSPN treated in our hospital between 2008 and 2010, nine patients (3.7%) were diagnosed with HSPN of ISKDC grade VI (males = 5, females = 4, age: 9.

Efficacy and safety of tenofovir in a kidney transplant patient with chronic hepatitis B and nucleos(t)ide multidrug resistance: a case report.

Introduction: Five nucleos(t)ide analogs are used to treat chronic hepatitis B. Ideal nucleos(t)ide analog therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with kidney transplantation must ensure virological suppression and minimize renal injury. However, resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogs frequently results in virological breakthrough, hepatitis flare, and complicated deterioration of the transplanted kidney.

Steroids combined with levothyroxine to treat children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a retrospective single-center study.

Background: The clinical efficacy and safety of low-dose levothyroxine in the treatment of idiopathic nephritic syndrome accompanied by thyroid dysfunction have not been established.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-four patients were divided into three groups according to the levels of thyroid hormone and treatment. The thyroid status, efficacy and adverse reactions of thyroid treatment were observed in each group.

Effects of costimulation on intrahepatic immunopathogenesis in patients with chronic HBV infection.

Objective: Chronic HBV infection can lead to "immune tolerance" in asymptomatic carriers (ACs), "immune injury" in active chronic hepatitis (ACH) patients or "immune abnormality" in cirrhosis (Cir) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Previous investigations reported that chronic hepatitis presented abnormal expression of costimulatory molecules. We investigated the costimulation profile in the liver of ACs and patients with ACH, Cir and HCC.

Baicalein induces apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells through modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Baicalein, a flavone present in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been demonstrated to possess antitumor activity in a variety of cancer cells in vitro. However, its effects on the growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in human esophageal carcinoma cells remain unclear. The aims of this study were to determine whether cultured EC-109 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells undergo apoptosis when treated with baicalein and to investigate the underlying mechanisms in vitro.

Effects of resuscitation with crystalloid fluids on cardiac function in patients with severe sepsis.

Background: The use of hypertonic crystalloid solutions, including sodium chloride and bicarbonate, for treating severe sepsis has been much debated in previous investigations. We have investigated the effects of three crystalloid solutions on fluid resuscitation in severe sepsis patients with hypotension.

Methods: Ninety-four severe sepsis patients with hypotension were randomly assigned to three groups.

Early-phase endotoxic shock-induced myocardial injury increases iNOS and selectin expression in macaque primate.

Background: Our previous study has established a macaque model with early-phase endotoxic shock. The present study further investigated myocardial and blood vessel injury in Macaques by examining the subsequent expression of ACP, selectins, iNOS, and cTnI in response to LPS treatment.

Methods: In an experiment with anaesthetised, instrumental macaques, eleven animals were randomised into: an En group (n=6), receiving a dose of 2.

[Effects of nitric oxide synthases on kidney in early phase of endotoxic shock in macaque].

Objective: To study the pathogenesis of kidney injury in early phase of endotoxic shock.

Methods: Eleven macaques were anesthetized and randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=6), receiving a dose of 2.8 mg/kg lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by intravenous injection, and a control group (n=5), injected with normal saline of 1 ml/kg.

Effect of fluid resuscitation on ryanodine receptor in macaques with endotoxic shock.

Objective: Our recent study demonstrated that sodium bicarbonate improved cardiac function in macaque models with early-phase endotoxic shock. In the present study, we investigated further the ryanodine receptor/calcium release-channel (RyR) and calcium pump after fluid resuscitation of macaques with early-phase endotoxic shock.

Methods: Twenty-four anaesthetised macaques were assigned to four groups.

[Changes in selectin in early stage of lung injury induced by endotoxic shock in macaque].

Objective: To investigate the change in selectin and its effect on lung injury induced by endotoxic [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] shock in macaque.

Methods: Eleven macaques were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=5) and LPS group (n=6). The animals of the control group received injection of 1 ml/kg normal saline, and the animals of the LPS group received a dose of 2.

[Clinical characteristics and ultrastructural features of livers in children with Wilson disease manifested mainly as hepatic injuries].

Objectives: To study the feasibility and possibility to diagnose Wilson disease with electronmicroscopical examination of liver biopsies.

Methods: Clinical analysis, histological observation and ultrastructural examination were performed on 15 children with Wilson disease.

Results: All 15 subjects had symptoms of hepatic disorders, such as jaundice.

Endotoxic shock model with fluid resuscitation in Macaca mulatta.

These studies established a macaque model of early-phase endotoxic shock, and investigated the resuscitation effects of three different solutions. Twenty-four macaques were assigned to four groups. Nineteen animals were given an intravenous dose of 2.

Changes of inflammation-associated cytokine expressions during early phase of experimental endotoxic shock in macaques.

Aim: To study changes of inflammation-associated cytokine expressions during early phase of endotoxic shock in macaque.

Methods: Experiments were performed in Macaque mulatta treated with LPS 2.8 mg/kg in shock model group or with normal saline in control group.

[Changes of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in rabbits with diabetic ketoacidosis].

Objective: To explore the mechanism of the changes of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in rabbits with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Methods: The New Zealand rabbits were injected with 150 mg/kg streptozotion and alloxan monohydrate each (model group, n=6) intravenously, or equal volume of normal saline (control group, n=6). After 72 hours, blood sugar and uric ketone were detected.