Brain development in newborns and infants after ECMO.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) not only significantly improves survival rates in severely ill neonates but also is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental issues. To systematically review the available literature on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates and infants who have undergone ECMO treatment, with a focus on motor deficits, cognitive impairments, sensory impairments, and developmental delays. This review aims to understand the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for these problems and to explore current nursing care and management strategies.

Risk stratification of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus by clinical and genetic factors.

Background: Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) is associated with increased comorbidities in neonates. Early evaluation of hsPDA risk is critical to implement individualized intervention. The aim of the study was to provide a powerful reference for the early identification of high-risk hsPDA population and early treatment decisions.

[Clinical practice of whole-genome sequencing in the rapid diagnosis of critically ill neonates].

Objectives: To explore the application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the rapid clinical diagnosis of critically ill neonates.

Methods: The critically ill neonates who admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Children's Hospital of Fudan University and underwent WGS from August to September, 2019 were enrolled in this prospective study. The genetic testing results and clinical outcome were analyzed with reference to the sequencing data and clinical features of the neonates.

Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) supplement in beagle dogs after castration: Effects on the haematology and serum chemistry profiles, immune response, and oxidative stress status.

Background: Castration is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in dogs. However, based on increasing evidence, male animals experience significant pain after castration. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), one of the main bioactive components in A.

Monkeypox and the perinatal period: what does maternal-fetal medicine need to know?

Background: After the global elimination of smallpox, monkeypox has become the most threatening orthopoxvirus to human health. Very few studies have been reported on pregnant women and newborns. In the case of monkeypox infection, the virus can cause serious adverse pregnancy events in women, which can lead to fetal or neonatal death.

Evaluation of the clinical effect of an artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis and treatment system for neonatal seizures in the real world: a multicenter clinical study protocol.

Neonatal seizures are the most common clinical manifestations of critically ill neonates and often suggest serious diseases and complicated etiologies. The precise diagnosis of this disease can optimize the use of anti-seizure medication, reduce hospital costs, and improve the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Currently, a few artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis and treatment systems have been developed for neonatal seizures, but there is still a lack of high-level evidence for the diagnosis and treatment value in the real world.

Diversity of the T cell receptor β chain complementarity-determining region 3 in peripheral blood of neonates with sepsis: an analysis based on immune repertoire sequencing.

Objectives: To investigate the diversity of peripheral blood T cell receptor (TCR) β chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) based on immune repertoire sequencing in neonates with sepsis and the possible pathogenesis of neonatal sepsis.

Methods: A total of 12 neonates with sepsis were enrolled as the case group, and 9 healthy full-term infants, matched for gestational age, birth weight, and age, were enrolled as the control group. Omega nucleic acid purification kit (SQ blood DNA Kit II) was used to extract DNA from peripheral blood samples, TCR β chain CDR3 was amplified by multiplex PCR, and then high-throughput sequencing was performed for the products to analyze the diversity of TCR β chain CDR3 and the difference in expression.

Value of near-infrared spectroscopy in monitoring intestinal tissue oxygen saturation in preterm infants with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus: a prospective research.

Objectives: To study the change in regional oxygen saturation (rSO) of intestinal tissue in preterm infants with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) by near-infrared spectroscopy, and the clinical significance of the change in intestinal oxygen level in preterm infants with hsPDA.

Methods: The preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) who had gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1 500 g were prospectively enrolled, who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital from October 2017 to October 2020.According to the diagnostic criteria for hsPDA, the preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were divided into two groups: hsPDA and non-hsPDA.

Non-invasive cardiac output measurement by electrical cardiometry and M-mode echocardiography in the neonate: a prospective observational study of 136 neonatal infants.

Background: Electrical cardiometry (EC) is a continuous, non-invasive method for measuring cardiac output (CO). This study investigates the correlation and consistency of CO values in newborns obtained by using EC and M-mode echocardiography (Teichholz formula).

Methods: In this prospective observational study, simultaneous measurement of CO was implemented with EC (COec) and M-mode echocardiography (COm) in neonates.

Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on neuroimaging and neurobehavior in neonates.

Background: We collected neonatal neurological, clinical, and imaging data to study the neurological manifestations and imaging characteristics of neonates with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: This case-control study included newborns diagnosed with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China from January 2020 to July 2020. All included newborns had complete neurological evaluations and head magnetic resonance imaging.

[Application of magnetic resonance imaging-compatible incubator in cranial magnetic resonance imaging for neonates: a multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial].

Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible incubator in cranial MRI examination for neonates.

Methods: A total of 120 neonates who were hospitalized in three hospitals and needed to undergo MRI examination were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 60 neonates in each group. The neonates in the experimental group were transferred with MRI-compatible incubator and underwent cranial MRI examination inside the MRI-compatible incubator, and those in the control group were transferred using a conventional neonatal transfer incubator and then underwent MRI examination outside the incubator.

A term neonate with early myoclonic encephalopathy caused by gene variants: a case report.

The gene encodes mitochondrial arginine-tRNA synthetase. Patients with variants of the gene have pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 (PCH6), which is characterized by early onset seizures, progressive microcephaly, and developmental delay. PCH6 is a rare mitochondrial encephalopathy.

Novel compound heterozygous mutations in the PEX1 gene in two Chinese newborns with Zellweger syndrome based on whole exome sequencing.

Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) represent a spectrum of human genetic disorders that are characterized by damaged peroxisome assembly. In the newborn period, the characteristics of affected patients include dysmorphic facial features, neonatal hypotonia, seizures, ocular abnormalities, poor feeding, liver cysts with hepatic dysfunction and skeletal defects. These can be caused by a defect in at least 14 different PEX genes.

Decreased connexin 43 in astrocytes inhibits the neuroinflammatory reaction in an acute mouse model of neonatal sepsis.

Neonatal sepsis is common in neonatal intensive care units, often complicated by injury to the immature brain. Previous studies have shown that the expression of the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in the brain decreases when stimulated by neuro-inflammatory drugs such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here we showed that partial deletion of Cx43 in astrocytes resulted in weakened inflammatory responses.

Periostin Promotes Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation following Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury.

Neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation are required to replace neurons damaged or lost after hypoxic-ischemic events and recover brain function. Periostin (POSTN), a novel matricellular protein, plays pivotal roles in the survival, migration, and regeneration of various cell types, but its function in NSCs of neonatal rodent brain is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of POSTN in NSCs following hypoxia-ischemia (HI).

Neuroprotective effects of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplantation in premature rat brain following hypoxic-ischemic injury.

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a common ischemic brain injury in premature infants for which there is no effective treatment. The objective of this study was to determine whether transplanted mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) have neuroprotective effects in a rat model of PVL. Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) was induced in 3-day-old rat pups by left carotid artery ligation, followed by exposure to 6% oxygen for 2.

[Research progress in mild hypothermia treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy].

Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of mild hypothermia in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), which can reduce mortality or the incidence of severe neurological sequelae. Mild hypothermia has been used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) as a routine treatment method for neonatal HIE in many developed countries, and it is increasingly applied in some NICUs in China. However, 40%-50% of the neonates treated with mild hypothermia die or develop severe neurological disability.

[Changes in MLS-BAEP in newborn piglets with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage during selective moderate head cooling therapy].

Objective: To study the effect of selective moderate head cooling therapy on maximum length sequences brainstem auditory evoked potential (MLS-BAEP) in newborn piglets with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Methods: Sixteen newborn piglets aged 5-7 day old were randomly divided into three groups: normothermic control (n=4), HI (n=6) and mild hypothermia-treated (n=6). HI was induced through temporary occlusion of both carotid arteries, followed by mechanical ventilation with low concentration of oxygen (FiO2=0.

[Report of a case with twin anemia-polycythemia sequence and literature review].

Objective: To summarize and review the clinical characteristics including clinical features, prenatal characteristics, diagnosis, treatments and short-term outcomes of the twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS) to improve the recognition of the disease.

Method: The clinical data of one case with twin anemia-polycythemia sequence and the reports of 15 cases seen in the past 5 years were reviewed and analyzed.

Result: There was an increasing number of reports of cases with TAPS.