GPR108 Is a Highly Conserved AAV Entry Factor.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a highly promising gene transfer vector, yet major cellular requirements for AAV entry are poorly understood. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen for entry of evolutionarily divergent serotype AAVrh32.33, we identified GPR108, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, as an AAV entry factor.

GPR108, an NF-κB activator suppressed by TIRAP, negatively regulates TLR-triggered immune responses.

Higher vertebrates have evolved innate and adaptive immune systems to defend against foreign substances and pathogens. Sophisticated regulatory circuits are needed to avoid inappropriate immune responses and inflammation. GPR108 is a seven-transmembrane family protein that activates NF-κB strongly when overexpressed.

Gut microbiota profiles in treatment-naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Backgrounds: Although increasing evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiota in neurodevelopment, the actual structure and composition of microbiota in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain unclear.

Methods: Thus, the present study aimed to define the characteristics of gut microbiota in treatment-naive children with ADHD and to assess their relationship with the severity of ADHD symptoms. High-throughput pyrosequencing was used to investigate the microbiota composition in fecal matter from 51 children with ADHD and 32 healthy controls (HC).

Pulmonary hypertension after prolonged hypoxic exposure in mice with a congenital deficiency of Cyp2j.

Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids contribute to the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. We investigated whether the attenuated acute vasoconstrictor response to hypoxic exposure of Cyp2j(-/-) mice would protect these mice against the pulmonary vascular remodeling and hypertension associated with prolonged exposure to hypoxia. Cyp2j(-/-) and Cyp2j(+/+) male and female mice continuously breathed an inspired oxygen fraction of 0.

Deficits in receptor-mediated endocytosis and recycling in cells from mice with Gpr107 locus disruption.

GPR107 is a type III integral membrane protein that was initially predicted to be a member of the family of G-protein-coupled receptors. This report shows that deletion of Gpr107 leads to an embryonic lethal phenotype that is characterized by a reduction in cubilin transcript abundance and a decrease in the representation of multiple genes implicated in the cubilin-megalin endocytic receptor complex (megalin is also known as LRP2). Gpr107-null fibroblast cells exhibit reduced transferrin internalization, decreased uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) cargo and resistance to toxins.

Deletion of the murine cytochrome P450 Cyp2j locus by fused BAC-mediated recombination identifies a role for Cyp2j in the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) confer vasoactive and cardioprotective functions. Genetic analysis of the contributions of these short-lived mediators to pathophysiology has been confounded to date by the allelic expansion in rodents of the portion of the genome syntenic to human CYP2J2, a gene encoding one of the principle cytochrome P450 epoxygenases responsible for the formation of EETs in humans. Mice have eight potentially functional genes that could direct the synthesis of epoxygenases with properties similar to those of CYP2J2.

Identification of long range regulatory elements of mouse alpha-globin gene cluster by quantitative associated chromatin trap (QACT).

Chromatin from different regions of the genome frequently forms steady associations that play important roles in regulating gene expression. The widely used chromatin conformation capture (3C) assay allows determination of the in vivo structural organization of an active endogenous locus. However, unpredicted chromatin associations within a given genomic locus can not be identified by 3C.

[Change of the chromosome conformation of human alpha-globin gene locus in transgenic mice].

Objective: To establish chromosome conformation capture (3C) strategy and to use this method for exploring the effect of chromosome conformation on human alpha-globin gene expression in the human alpha-globin transgenic mouse.

Methods: Homozygous human alpha-globin transgenic male mouse was crossed with KM female mouse. The 14.

Exploring cellular memory molecules marking competent and active transcriptions.

Background: Development in higher eukaryotes involves programmed gene expression. Cell type-specific gene expression is established during this process and is inherited in succeeding cell cycles. Higher eukaryotes have evolved elegant mechanisms by which committed gene-expression states are transmitted through numerous cell divisions.

Active chromatin hub of the mouse alpha-globin locus forms in a transcription factory of clustered housekeeping genes.

RNA polymerases can be shared by a particular group of genes in a transcription "factory" in nuclei, where transcription may be coordinated in concert with the distribution of coexpressed genes in higher-eukaryote genomes. Moreover, gene expression can be modulated by regulatory elements working over a long distance. Here, we compared the conformation of a 130-kb chromatin region containing the mouse alpha-globin cluster and their flanking housekeeping genes in 14.

Memory mechanisms of active transcription during cell division.

The developmental programs of eukaryotic organisms involve the programmed transcription of genes. A characteristic gene expression pattern is established and preserved in each different cell type. Therefore, gene activation at a particular time and its maintenance during cell division are significant for cellular differentiation and individual development.

Remembering the cell fate during cellular differentiation.

Higher eukaryote contains several hundreds of different cell types, each with a distinctive set of property defined by a unique gene expression pattern, even though every cell (with minor exception) shares the common genome. During cellular differentiation, the committed gene expression pattern is set up and propagated through numerous cell divisions. Therefore, cells must have evolved some elegant and inherent mechanisms to remember their expression states for the requirement of the stability of differentiation and development.