Metabolites in the TCA Cycle Promote Resistance to Chloramphenicol of .

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a serious threat to human and animal health. Metabolite-enabled eradication of drug-resistant pathogens is an attractive strategy, and metabolite adjuvants, such as fumarate, are used for restoring the bactericidal ability of antibiotics. However, we show that metabolites in the TCA cycle increase the viability of against chloramphenicol (CAP), based on the survival assay of differential metabolites identified by LC-MS/MS.

Monoclonal antibodies recognizing mucus immunoglobulin and surface immunoglobulin-positive cells of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Mucus immunoglobulin (Ig) of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was purified by the combination of salting-out, Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration chromatography and DEAE Sepharose chromatography. According to the SDS-PAGE and native-PAGE, the purified mucus Ig showed apparent molecular weights of 72 kDa (heavy chain) and 26 kDa (light chain), and a total molecular weight of 798 kDa, which indicated mucus IgM was in tetrameric form. Purified mucus Ig was used to immunize the Balb/C mice, nineteen hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against flounder mucus Ig were obtained by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and three of them designated as 1A-M2, 1C-M10 and 3F-M9 were cloned by limiting dilution.