Preventive and reparative potentials of heat-inactivated and viable commensal Bacillus pumilus SE5 in ameliorating the adverse impacts of high soybean meal in grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

Probiotic Bacillus pumilus SE5, heat-inactivated (HSE5) or active (ASE5), were supplemented to high soybean meal (HSM) (36 %) diet at whole term (0-56 days) and middle term (29-56 days) to investigate the preventing and repairing effects of B. pumilus SE5 in ameliorating the adverse effects of HSM in Epinephelus coioides. The results suggested that the HSM significantly decreased the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) at day 56 (P < 0.

Commensal Bacillus pumilus SE5-Derived Peptidoglycan and Lipoteichoic Acid Showed Synergistic Effects in Improving Growth, Immunity, and Intestinal Health of Grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

Commensal-derived peptidoglycan (PG) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) can improve the growth, immunity, and intestinal health of fish, but it is not clear whether the two components have synergistic effects. To clarify this, grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was fed basal diet (CG) or diets containing 1.0 × 10 CFU/g heat-inactivated SE5 (HIB), PG (21.

LTA and PGN from Bacillus siamensis can alleviate soybean meal-induced enteritis and microbiota dysbiosis in Lateolabrax maculatus.

An eight-week feeding trial was designed to assess which component of commensal Bacillus siamensis LF4 can mitigate SBM-induced enteritis and microbiota dysbiosis in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) based on TLRs-MAPKs/NF-кB signaling pathways. Fish continuously fed low SBM (containing 16 % SBM) and high SBM (containing 40 % SBM) diets were used as positive (FM group) and negative (SBM group) control, respectively. After feeding high SBM diet for 28 days, fish were supplemented with B.

Pleurotus eryngii root waste and soybean meal co-fermented protein improved the growth, immunity, liver and intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) root waste and soybean meal co-fermented protein (CFP) on growth performance, feed utilization, immune status, hepatic and intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Largemouth bass (12.33 ± 0.

Paraprobiotic and postbiotic forms of Bacillus siamensis improved growth, immunity, liver and intestinal health in Lateolabrax maculatus fed soybean meal diet.

Live commensal Bacillus siamensis LF4 showed reparative potentials against high SM-induced negative effects, but whether its paraprobiotic (heat-killed B. siamensis, HKBS) and postbiotic (cell-free supernatant, CFS) forms had reparative functions and potential mechanisms are not yet known. In this study, the reparative functions of HKBS and CFS were investigated by establishing an injured model of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) treated with dietary high soybean meal (SM).

High dietary wheat starch negatively regulated growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolisms, liver and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides.

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were fed with three diets containing 6%, 12%, and 18% wheat starch for 70 days to examine their impacts on growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolisms, and liver and intestinal health. The results suggested that the 18% starch group inhibited the growth, and improved the hepatic glycogen content compared with the 6% and 12% starch groups (P < 0.05).

Probiotic components of Bacillus siamensis LF4 mitigated β-conglycinin caused cell injury via modulating TLR2/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling in Lateolabrax maculatus.

β-conglycinin is a recognized factor in leading to intestinal inflammation and limiting application of soybean meal in aquaculture. Our previous study reported that heat-killed B. siamensis LF4 could effectively mitigate inflammatory response and apoptosis caused by β-conglycinin in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) enterocytes, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood.

Commensal Bacillus siamensis LF4 ameliorates β-conglycinin induced inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells of Lateolabrax maculatus.

β-conglycinin and glycinin, two major heat-stable anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal (SM), have been suggested as the key inducers of intestinal inflammation in aquatic animals. In the present study, a spotted seabass intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were used to compare the inflammation-inducing effects of β-conglycinin and glycinin. The results showed that IECs co-cultured with 1.

Commensal Bacillus siamensis LF4 induces antimicrobial peptides expression via TLRs and NLRs signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells of Lateolabrax maculatus.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in modulating intestinal microbiota, and our previous study showed that autochthonous Baccilus siamensis LF4 could shape the intestinal microbiota of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). In the present study, a spotted seabass intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) model was used to investigate whether autochthonous B. siamensis LF4 could modulate the expression of AMPs in IECs.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Peanut Skin Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance and Lipid Metabolism of the Juvenile American Eel ().

As a functional feed additive, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract has received a lot of attention due to its biological activity in the health of aquatic animals, but its high cost limits the application of this feed additive in the diet of many fish species. It is thus urgent to develop a new resource of proanthocyanidin extract. We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with peanut skin proanthocyanidins (PSPc) on growth parameters and lipid metabolism of juvenile American eel ().

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract regulates lipid metabolism of the American eel ().

The current study was aimed to examine the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on regulating lipid metabolism of American eels. A total of six cement tanks of fish were randomly divided into a control group fed with a commercial diet and a GSPE group fed with a commercial diet supplemented 400 mg/kg GSPE. There were three replicates in each group.

Urolithin A exerts antiobesity effects through enhancing adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice.

Obesity leads to multiple health problems, including diabetes, fatty liver, and even cancer. Here, we report that urolithin A (UA), a gut-microflora-derived metabolite of pomegranate ellagitannins (ETs), prevents diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in mice without causing adverse effects. UA treatment increases energy expenditure (EE) by enhancing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducing browning of white adipose tissue (WAT).

Mitochondrial aconitase controls adipogenesis through mediation of cellular ATP production.

Mitochondrial aconitase (Aco2) catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate in the TCA cycle, which produces NADH and FADH2, driving synthesis of ATP through OXPHOS. In this study, to explore the relationship between adipogenesis and mitochondrial energy metabolism, we hypothesize that Aco2 may play a key role in the lipid synthesis. Here, we show that overexpression of Aco2 in 3T3-L1 cells significantly increased lipogenesis and adipogenesis, accompanied by elevated mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production.

A Potential Nutraceutical Candidate Lactucin Inhibits Adipogenesis through Downregulation of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway-Mediated Mitotic Clonal Expansion.

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically worldwide in the past ~50 years. Searching for safe and effective anti-obesity strategies are urgently needed. Lactucin, a plant-derived natural small molecule, is known for anti-malaria and anti-hyperalgesia.

Adipose tissue deficiency of hormone-sensitive lipase causes fatty liver in mice.

Fatty liver is a major health problem worldwide. People with hereditary deficiency of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) are reported to develop fatty liver. In this study, systemic and tissue-specific HSL-deficient mice were used as models to explore the underlying mechanism of this association.