Nonintubated spontaneous ventilation versus intubated mechanical ventilation anesthesia for video-assisted thoracic surgery in terms of perioperative complications and practitioners' workload assessments: a pilot randomized control study.

Background: The use of nonintubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NI-VATS) has been increasingly reported to yield favourable outcomes. However, this technology has not been routinely used because its advantages and safety have not been fully confirmed. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of nonintubated spontaneous ventilation (NI-SV) anesthesia compared to intubated mechanical ventilation (I-MV) anesthesia in VATS by evaluating of perioperative complications and practitioners' workloads.

Is There an Optimal Time Window of Placement of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Monitor for Elderly Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury? An 11-Year Institutional Cohort Study With Restricted Cubic Spline Analysis.

Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is a prominent contributor to both morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. The monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is crucial in the management of sTBI patients. Nevertheless, the appropriate timing for the placement of ICP monitor in elderly sTBI patients remains uncertain.

Study on Improved Computed Tomography Scanning Parameters for Patients with Nasal Bone Fracture Based on ITK Three-dimensional Labelling.

Objective: To investigate the influence of improved exposure parameters on the image quality of multi-slice spiral computed tomography in nasal bone fracture imaging.

Methods: Fifty patients with optimised parameters combined with coronal scanning were allocated to the modified group and 50 patients with routine scanning parameters to the routine group. The image quality and nasal bone display of the two groups were assessed and statistically analysed, and the quality of scanned images before and after parameter optimisation was compared.

A Six-Surface System to Describe Anatomy of Anterior Clinoid Process and Its Application in Anterior Clinoidectomy and Resection of Paraclinoid Meningioma.

Objective: The anterior clinoid process (ACP) is surrounded by nerves and vessels that, together, constitute an intricate anatomical structure with variations that challenges the performance of individualized anterior clinoidectomy in treating lesions with different extents of invasion. In the present study, we established a 6-surface system for the ACP based on anatomical landmarks and analyzed its value in guiding ACP drilling and resection of paraclinoid meningiomas.

Methods: Using the anatomical characteristics of 10 dry skull specimens, we set 9 anatomical landmarks to delineate the ACP into 6 surfaces.

The clinical and neurocognitive functional changes with awake brain mapping for gliomas invading eloquent areas: Institutional experience and the utility of The Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

Objective: Awake craniotomy with intraoperative brain functional mapping effectively reduces the potential risk of neurological deficits in patients with glioma invading the eloquent areas. However, glioma patients frequently present with impaired neurocognitive function. The present study aimed to investigate the neurocognitive and functional outcomes of glioma patients after awake brain mapping and assess the experience of a tertiary neurosurgical center in China over eight years.

P7C3-A20 Attenuates Microglial Inflammation and Brain Injury after ICH through Activating the NAD/Sirt3 Pathway.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is lethal but lacks effective therapies. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a central metabolite indispensable for a broader range of fundamental intracellular biological functions. Reduction of NAD usually occurs after acute brain insults, and supplementation of NAD has been proven neuroprotective.

Use self-gravitation traction to treat lumbar disc herniation: Study protocol for a double-center, single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Self-gravitation traction is 1 of the most popular treatments for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the self-gravitation traction device in the treatment of LDH and to confirm its positive treatment effect.

Methodology: This trial is designed as a pragmatic double-center, single-blind, and 3-arm (1:1:1 ratio) randomized controlled trial.

Assessment of artificial intelligence-aided reading in the detection of nasal bone fractures.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is a promising diagnostic adjunct in fracture detection. However, few studies describe the improvement of clinicians' diagnostic accuracy for nasal bone fractures with the aid of AI technology.

Objective: This study aims to determine the value of the AI model in improving the diagnostic accuracy for nasal bone fractures compared with manual reading.

Nerve root compression due to lumbar spinal canal tophi: A case report and review of the literature.

Rationale: Gout in the spine and adnexa is rare in clinical practice and can also be easily misdiagnosed, we reported a patient with nerve root compression due to lumbar gout stones in the lumbar spinal canal.

Patient Concerns: A 51-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with lumbar pain with numbness in the left lower limb for more than 6 months. The physical examination showed that tenderness and percussion pain were present at L4-S1 spinous process.

Real-World Implementation of Neurosurgical Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol for Gliomas in Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy.

Objective: To design a multidisciplinary enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for glioma patients undergoing elective craniotomy and evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety after implementation in a tertiary neurosurgical center in China.

Methods: ERAS protocol for glioma patients was developed and modified based on the best available evidence. Patients undergoing elective craniotomy for treatment of glioma between September 2019 to May 2021 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing a conventional neurosurgical perioperative care (control group) to an ERAS protocol (ERAS group).

Frequent DYSF rare variants/mutations in 152 Han Chinese samples with ovarian endometriosis.

Purpose: Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disease greatly affecting women health. Prior studies have implicated that dysferlin (DYSF) aberration might be involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis. In the present study, we explore the potential presence of DYSF mutations in a total of 152 Han Chinese samples with ovarian endometriosis.

Cerebral fat embolization with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome and septic shock at high altitude: a case report and literature review.

Background: Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) syndrome at high altitude was rare complicated with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) syndrome and septic shock. It is a challenge to differential diagnosis and treatment at high altitude.

Case Presentation: This case presents a CFE with PSH and septic shock of a 23-year-old man occurred at high altitude of 3800 m above sea level, transferred by airplane successfully and cured in the department of neurosurgery, Xi'an Tangdu Hospital.

Puerarin 6″-O-xyloside suppressed HCC via regulating proliferation, stemness, and apoptosis with inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR.

Puerarin 6″-O-xyloside is a tumor suppressive derivate of Puerarin that is recently characterized as a lysine-specific demethylase 6B inhibitor. Here we investigated the effects of Puerarin 6″-O-xyloside in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines SMMC-7721 and HepG2. Cell viability, proliferation, stemness, protein expression, and autophagy were tested by CCK-8, colony formation, sphere formation, western blotting, and LC3B GFP puncta per cell, respectively.

Vertigo as the sole complaint of tympanomastoid paraganglioma.

Background: Tympanomastoid paragangliomas are usually benign, slowly growing, painless tumors. The common presenting symptoms of this tumor are pulsatile tinnitus and conductive hearing loss. Vertigo as the cardinal or initial symptom is extremely are, especially in the early stages of the disease.

The Ras Superfamily of Small GTPases in Non-neoplastic Cerebral Diseases.

The small GTPases from the Ras superfamily play crucial roles in basic cellular processes during practically the entire process of neurodevelopment, including neurogenesis, differentiation, gene expression, membrane and protein traffic, vesicular trafficking, and synaptic plasticity. Small GTPases are key signal transducing enzymes that link extracellular cues to the neuronal responses required for the construction of neuronal networks, as well as for synaptic function and plasticity. Different subfamilies of small GTPases have been linked to a number of non-neoplastic cerebral diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), intellectual disability, epilepsy, drug addiction, Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a large number of idiopathic cerebral diseases.

Altered Activity of SK Channel Underpins Morphine Withdrawal Relevant Psychiatric Deficiency in Infralimbic to Accumbens Shell Pathway.

Drug addiction can be viewed as a chronic psychiatric disorder that is related to dysfunction of neural circuits, including reward deficits, stress surfeits, craving changes, and compromised executive function. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a crucial role in regulating craving and relapse, while the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) represents a higher cortex projecting into the NAc that is active in the management of executive function. In this study, we investigated the role of the small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK channels) in NAc and mPFC after morphine withdrawal.

Predictive value of microRNA let-7a expression for efficacy and prognosis of radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer brain metastasis: A case-control study.

Background: As a well-known cancer with high mortality, lung cancer has been implied to be closely associated with brain metastasis. Despite notable advances, effective treatment methods are still in urgent need. This study aims to investigate the value of serum microRNA-let-7a (miR-let-7a) expression in predicting efficacy and prognosis of radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer brain metastasis.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic indicator for patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with overall survival (OS) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.

Method: Records of patients with diagnosed ESCC were reviewed. Leukocyte counts and patients' characteristics were extracted from their clinical records to calculate NLR.

Pretreatment with Sodium Phenylbutyrate Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating DJ-1 Protein.

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play critical roles in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. DJ-1 is an endogenous antioxidant that attenuates oxidative stress and maintains mitochondrial function, likely acting as a protector of I/R injury. In the present study, we explored the protective effect of a possible DJ-1 agonist, sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB), against I/R injury by protecting mitochondrial dysfunction the upregulation of DJ-1 protein.

Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Promotes Functional Recovery from Traumatic Brain Injury via Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Mediated Neuroplasticity.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces cognitive impairments, motor and behavioral deficits. Previous evidences have suggested that neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation could facilitate functional recovery from brain insults, but their underlying mechanisms remains to be elucidated. Here, we established TBI model by an electromagnetic-controlled cortical impact device in the rats.

Blockade of RyRs in the ER Attenuates 6-OHDA-Induced Calcium Overload, Cellular Hypo-Excitability and Apoptosis in Dopaminergic Neurons.

Calcium (Ca) dyshomeostasis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important molecular mechanism of selective dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IPRs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs), which are located on the ER surface, are the main endogenous Ca release channels and play crucial roles in regulating Ca homeostasis. However, the roles of these endogenous Ca release channels in PD and their effects on the function and survival of DA neurons remain unknown.

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Mesencephalic Cavernous Malformations.

Background: Symptomatic cavernous malformations involving the brainstem are difficult to access by conventional approaches, which often require dramatic brain retraction to gain adequate operative corridor. Here, we present a successful endoscopic endonasal transclival approach for resection of a hemorrhagic, symptomatic mesencephalic cavernous malformation.

Case Description: A 20-year-old woman presented with acute onset of headache, nausea, and vomiting.

Long-Term Changes in Drug Craving and Nutritional Status of Opioid Addicts with Nucleus Accumbens Ablative Stereotactic Neurosurgery at Five Years Postoperatively.

Background: The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) has been proven to be associated with drug and food craving. NAcc ablative neurosurgery has been suggested to modulate the balance of the brain reward system and thus alleviate drug dependence in patients. It has been hypothesized that it would also alleviate food craving in patients as well as altering their nutritional status.

Effect of ATorvastatin On Chronic subdural Hematoma (ATOCH): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common disease that is more prevalent in older people. Surgical intervention is a safe treatment of choice. However, the recurrence rate is relatively high and the outcome is not always satisfactory among surgically treated patients.