Palaeobotanical evidence reveals the living conditions of Miocene Lufengpithecus in East Asia.

Background: Understanding the relationship between human evolution and environmental changes is the key to lifting the veil on human origin. The hypothesis that environmental changes triggered the divergence of humans from apes (ca. 9.

Typical polar organic aerosol tracers in PM over the North China Plain: Spatial distribution, seasonal variations, contribution and sources.

PM samples were collected simultaneously at three urban sites including Beijing (BJ), Tianjin (TJ), Shijiazhuang (SJZ) and one background site Xinglong (XL) from June 2014 till April 2015. Typical polar organic aerosol tracers including 2-methylglyceric acid, 2-methyltetrols, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, anhydrous saccharides and phthalic acid were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both Isoprene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers and pinene SOA tracers had higher mass concentrations at background site than those at urban sites.

Dynamic status of metabolically healthy overweight/obesity and metabolically unhealthy and normal weight and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cohort study of a rural adult Chinese population.

Objective: We aimed to determine dynamic status of metabolically healthy overweight or obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy and normal weight (MUNW) and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Body mass index and metabolic health were assessed on 11,865 eligible participants ≥18 years from 6-year follow-up cohort study of a rural Chinese population. Participants were classified as metabolically healthy and normal weight (MHNW), MHO, MUNW and metabolically unhealthy overweight or obesity (MUO) at both baseline and follow-up examinations.

Near infrared surface-enhanced Raman scattering based on star-shaped gold/silver nanoparticles and hyperbolic metamaterial.

It is desirable to extend the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from the conventionally used visible range into the infrared region, because the fluorescence background is lower in the long-wavelength regime. To do this, it is important to have a SERS substrate suitable for infrared operation. In this work, we report the near infrared SERS operation based on the substrates employing star-shaped gold/silver nanoparticles and hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) structure.

Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the interaction between low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) polymorphisms and overweight and obesity in rural Chinese adults.

Background: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) plays an important role in glucose and cholesterol metabolism. The present cohort study evaluated associations of LRP5 variants with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a rural adult Chinese population.

Methods: In all, 7751 subjects aged ≥18 years without T2DM underwent genotyping at baseline; 6326 subjects (81.

High-resolution summer precipitation variations in the western Chinese Loess Plateau during the last glacial.

We present a summer precipitation reconstruction for the last glacial (LG) on the western edge of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) using a well-dated organic carbon isotopic dataset together with an independent modern process study results. Our results demonstrate that summer precipitation variations in the CLP during the LG were broadly correlated to the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) as recorded by stalagmite oxygen isotopes from southern China. During the last deglaciation, the onset of the increase in temperatures at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere and decline in the intensity of the East Asia winter monsoon in mid latitudes was earlier than the increase in ASM intensity and our reconstructed summer precipitation in the western CLP.

[Mechanisms of human telomerase reverse transcriptase RNAi which increases hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis induced by TRAIL].

Objectives: To investigate the mechanisms for human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) RNA interference (RNAi) in increasing hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis induced by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL).

Methods: Cell apoptosis was identified by flow cytometry analysis after annexin V/PI double staining. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins, procaspase-8, -9, -3, Bax, Bcl-2 and hTERT, were identified by Western blotting analysis; telomerase activity and telomere length were detected by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) and telomere amount and length assay (TALA) methods.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on Bax protein expression in patients with gastric precancerous lesions.

Aim: To investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection on Bax protein expression, and explore the role of H pylori in gastric carcinogenesis.

Methods: H pylori was assessed by rapid urease test and Warthin-Starry method, and expression of Bax protein was examined immunohistochemically in 72 patients with pre-malignant lesions.

Results: Bax protein was differently expressed in intestinal metaplasia and gastric dysplasia, and showed 63.

[Supraorbital keyhole approach in the treatment of intranasal meningoencephaloceles].

Objective: To explore the effect and significance of endoscopic surgery for intranasal meningoencephaloceles via the supraorbital keyhole approach.

Methods: From January 1999 to December 2001, seven cases of intranasal meningoencephaloceles were treated by mini-invasive endoscopic surgery via supraorbital keyhole approach. The operation was carried out through supraorbital keyhole craniotomy approximately 2.