Changes in the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of rice bran polysaccharides extracted by specific enzyme cocktail and ultrasound.

To maximize insoluble rice bran fiber, rice bran polysaccharides were extracted from it using ultrasound and specific enzyme-assisted methods. Additionally, the specific enzyme cocktail was also produced by Schizophyllum commune cultivated on insoluble rice bran fiber. Based on response surface methodology, the optimal conditions of specific enzyme-assisted extraction were: temperature 42.

Effects of Harvest Time on Grinding Quality, Appearance Quality and Physical and Chemical Quality of Japonica Rice.

Harvest time is very important to rice due to its high correlation to rice yield, eating quality, etc.; however, the impact of harvest time on quality is still unclear. In this study, Nangeng 5718, a japonica rice planted in three regions in Jiangsu Province of China, was used to analyze and compare the milling quality, appearance quality, and physicochemical quality of japonica rice at different harvest times.

Mechanistic insight for improving butenyl-spinosyn production through combined ARTP/UV mutagenesis and ribosome engineering in .

Butenyl-spinosyn is a highly effective, wide-spectrum and environmentally-friendly biological insecticide produced by . However, its scale-up is impeded due to its lower titer in wild-type strains. In this work, ARTP/UV mutagenesis and ribosome engineering were employed to enhance the butenyl-spinosyn production, and a stable mutant aG6 with high butenyl-spinosyn yield was successfully obtained.

MSC derived EV loaded with miRNA-22 inhibits the inflammatory response and nerve function recovery after spinal cord injury in rats.

Our previous research has found that miRNA-22 can inhibit the occurrence of pyroptosis by targeting GSDMD and decrease the production and release of inflammatory factors. In consideration of the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSCs-EV were loaded with miRNA-22 (EV-miRNA-22) to investigate the inhibitory effect of EV-miRNA-22 on the inflammatory response in SCI in rats in this study. LPS/Nigericin (LPS/NG) was used to induce pyroptosis in rat microglia in vitro.

Growth and survival of microencapsulated probiotics prepared by emulsion and internal gelation.

Efficient microencapsulation of probiotics by most existing methods is limited by low throughput. In this work, and were microencapsulated by a method based on emulsion and internal gelation. The growth and survival of microencapsulated microbes under different stressors were investigated using free non-encapsulated ones as a control.

Enzymatic Modification of Rice Bran Polysaccharides by Enzymes from Grifola Frondosa: Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity.

Unlabelled: Rice bran polysaccharides (RBPSs) are the major active constituents of rice bran (RB). In this study, we utilized intracellular enzymes from Grifola frondosa to modify RBPSs, which were extracted from RB using ultrasound. To enhance the effect on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity of modified polysaccharides (mRBPSs) generated from RBPSs, an orthogonal test (L [3] ) was employed to optimize the modification conditions.

Genistein and daidzein induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells by inhibiting the accumulation of lipid droplets.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of genistein (GEN) and daidzein (DAI) in inducing apoptosis of colon cancer cells by inhibition of lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation.

Methods: HT-29 cells were used and treated by GEN or DAI in this paper. LDs accumulation was induced and inhibited by oleic acid (OA) and C75, respectively.

Rice bran polysaccharides and oligosaccharides modified by Grifola frondosa fermentation: Antioxidant activities and effects on the production of NO.

Rice bran polysaccharides (RBPSs) are valuable compounds with many biological activities. In this work, a fungus called Grifola frondosa, was selected to ferment defatted rice bran water extracts and modify the RBPSs, which were then isolated by ethanol precipitation and deproteinization. GC analysis of fermented products suggested they are composed of glucose, arabinose, galactose, mannose, and xylose at a molar ratio of 9:5:8:2:5, which was 32:4:6:2:5 before fermentation.

Optimization of Culture Medium for Maximal Production of Spinosad Using an Artificial Neural Network - Genetic Algorithm Modeling.

Background: Spinosyns, products of secondary metabolic pathway of Saccharopolyspora spinosa, show high insecticidal activity, but difficulty in enhancing the spinosad yield affects wide application. The fermentation process is a key factor in this case.

Methods: The response surface methodology (RMS) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling were applied to optimize medium components for spinosad production using S.

Overexpression of metK shows different effects on avermectin production in various Streptomyces avermitilis strains.

The S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene (metK) from Streptomyces avermitilis was cloned into multi-copy vector pIJ653 and integrative vector pSET152 yielding two metK expression plasmids pYJ02 and pYJ03, respectively. When wild-type strain ATCC31267 was transformed with these two plasmids, avermectin production was increased about 2.0-fold and 5.

Activation of the extrinsic caspase pathway in cultured cortical neurons requires p53-mediated down-regulation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein to induce apoptosis.

Cultured cortical neurons exposed to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 coat protein undergo apoptosis involving activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9. Additionally, gp120-mediated neuronal apoptosis requires the pro-apoptotic transcription factor p53. As caspase-8-induced apoptosis does not typically require p53, we examined the possibility of a novel role for p53 in caspase-8 activation initiated by gp120.

HIV associated neurodegeneration requires p53 in neurons and microglia.

HIV infection of the central nervous system leads to HIV-associated dementia (HAD) in a substantial subset of infected individuals. The pathogenesis of neuronal dysfunction in HAD is not well understood, but previous studies have demonstrated evidence for activation of apoptotic pathways. The tumor suppressor transcription factor p53 is an apical mediator of neuronal apoptosis following a variety of injurious stimuli.

p53-dependent cell death signaling in neurons.

The p53 tumor suppressor gene is a sequence-specific transcription factor that activates the expression of genes engaged in promoting growth arrest or cell death in response to multiple forms of cellular stress. p53 expression is elevated in damaged neurons in acute models of injury such as ischemia and epilepsy and in brain tissue samples derived from animal models and patients with chronic neurodegenerative diseases. p53 deficiency or p53 inhibition protects neurons from a wide variety of acute toxic insults.