IFN-γ signaling links ventriculomegaly to choroid plexus and ependyma dysfunction following maternal immune activation.

Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a principal environmental risk factor contributing to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can be causally linked to ASD symptoms. In our study, we found that MIA triggered by poly (I: C) injection caused ventriculomegaly in offspring due to the dysfunction of the choroid plexus (Chp) and ependyma. We subsequently identified a sustained enhancement of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling in the brain and serum of MIA offspring.

Stachydrine hydrochloride reduces NOX2 activity to suppress oxidative stress levels to improve cardiac insufficiency.

Background: Oxidative stress is a significant cause in the occurrence of cardiac insufficiency. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase2 (NOX2)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in oxidative stress-induced excitation-contraction decoupling. Stachydrine hydrochloride (Sta) reduces pressure overload-induced cardiac insufficiency, which may be related to the NOX2-ROS pathway, as demonstrated by our earlier research.

Microbial-type terpene synthases significantly contribute to the terpene profile of glandular trichomes of the fern Dryopteris fragrans (L.).

Ferns, known for their adaptability and widespread presence, form a diverse group of plants. However, the mechanisms underlying terpenoid production, which are often linked to plant adaptation, are not well understood in ferns. Here, we report that Dryopteris fragrans (D.

177Lu-LNC1004 Radioligand Therapy in Patients with End-stage Metastatic Cancers: A Single-Center, Single-Arm, Phase II Study.

Purpose: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts and certain tumor cells, making it a promising therapeutic target for various malignancies. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of 177Lu-Evans blue-FAP inhibitor (177Lu-LNC1004) radioligand therapy (RLT) for treating end-stage metastatic tumors.

Patients And Methods: This single-arm, single-center, phase II trial included 28 patients with progressive metastatic malignancies (11 types) and high FAP expression (defined as a maximum standardized uptake value ≥10 in >50% of tumors) who had exhausted all approved therapies, screened between June 2022 and April 2024.

20-Week Toxicity Study of Rotigotine Behenate Extended-Release Microspheres for Intramuscular Injection in Sprague Dawley Rats.

Based on the concept of continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS), Rotigotine Behenate extended-release microspheres for injection (RBEM) are currently under development. To support human clinical trials of RBEM, a 20-week repeat-dose toxicity study was conducted. SD rats intramuscularly received RBEM (60, 180, and 540 mg/kg) once every 4 weeks for 5 repeated doses followed by a 12-week recovery period, no clear sex difference was noted in the plasma exposure of rotigotine in rats, and the exposure generally increased in a dose-proportional manner.

Access to single-inhaler triple medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a national survey on accessibility and utilisation.

Background: The maintenance medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABA). Budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol (BUD/GLY/FOR) and fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) are two representative drugs for prefixed ICS/LAMA/LABA association in a single inhaler and have shown comparable efficacy and safety with other ICS/LAMA/LABA open combination therapies in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD. This study aimed to investigate the availability, price, affordability, and utilisation of single-inhaler triple medicines for COPD in China.

Walking control of humanoid robots based on improved footstep planner and whole-body coordination controller.

High-speed walking is fundamental for humanoid robots to quickly reach the work site in emergency scenarios. According to biological studies, the coordinated motion of the arms and waist can significantly enhance walking speed and stability in humans. However, existing humanoid robot walking control frameworks predominantly focus on leg control, often overlooking the utilization of upper body joints.

Association between hyperuricemia and all-cause mortality in people taken Statins: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Statins are one of the most widely prescribed medicines in clinical practice. Their benefits have extended beyond cardiovascular applications to reduce serum uric acid levels. This study aims to investigate the relationship of hyperuricemia with the risk of all-cause mortality among individuals taking statins.

Highly Oriented SiC@SiO Ceramic Fiber Aerogels with Good Anisotropy of the Thermal Conductivity and High-Temperature Resistance.

Here electrospinning and freeze-drying techniques are combined to fabricate an anisotropic SiC@SiO ceramic fiber aerogels (A-SiC@SiO-FAs). The anisotropic structure of the A-SiC@SiO-FAs features aligned layers stacking layer-by-layer with the same direction and highly oriented 1D fibers inside each layer. The A-SiC@SiO-FAs exhibit anisotropic thermal properties with an extremely low thermal conductivity of 0.

Improved Orthogonality in Naphthalimide/Cyanine Dyad Boosts Superoxide Generation: a Tumor-Targeted Type-I Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy of Tumor by Inducing Ferroptosis.

It is highly desired to achieve Type-I photosensitizer (PS) to overcome the hypoxic limitation found in most clinically used PSs. Herein, a new heavy-atom-free Type-I PS T-BNCy5 is presented by incorporating a biotin-modified naphthalimide (NI) unit into the meso-position of a N-benzyl-functionalized, strongly photon-capturing pentamethine cyanine (Cy5) dye. Such molecular engineering induces a rigid orthogonal geometry between NI and Cy5 units by introducing an intramolecular sandwich-like π-π stacking assembly, which effectively promotes intersystem crossing (ISC) and greatly extends the triplet-state lifetime (τ = 389 µs), thereby markedly improving the superoxide (O )-generating ability.

Rapid growth of inch-sized lanthanide oxychloride single crystals.

The layered lanthanide oxychloride (LnOCl) family, featuring a low equivalent oxide thickness, high breakdown field and magnetic ordering properties, holds great promise for next-generation van der Waals devices. However, the exploitation of LnOCl materials has been hindered by a lack of reliable methods for growing their single-crystalline phases. Here we achieved the growth of inch-sized bulk LnOCl single crystals and single-crystalline thin films with thickness down to the monolayer in a few hours.

Transductive Parameter-Free Propagation Framework for Few-Shot Distribution Rectification.

Few-shot learning (FSL) is challenging due to the scarce labeled novel-class data. Researchers have to train the embedding function with auxiliary base-class data to obtain the novel-class embeddings. However, the domain gap makes the novel-class embedding unsatisfactory, as the novel class and the base class are disjoint.

Phylogeny-Informed Discovery of New Glycopeptide Antibiotics Produced by a Minimal Biosynthetic Gene Cluster.

Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are the frontline medicines to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-positive infections. Resistance to GPAs warrants the development of new antibiotics. Phylogeny reclassification of GPA biosynthetic gene clusters with a focus on the type V subgroup bearing a heptapeptide scaffold identified new GPAs, varsomycins, possessing unprecedented 3,5-dihydroxyphenylalanine at position 5 and an F-G biphenyl cross-link.

Exploration of the role of AIM2/IL-1β in adult laryngeal papilloma.

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is closely related to upper respiratory mucosal lesions, and the most common disease is adult upper respiratory papilloma, which has a certain probability of cancer transformation.This study conducted in vitro tissue and cell experiments to explore the inflammatory mechanisms associated with HPV + adult laryngeal papilloma.

Methods: We compared differential expression of AIM2 and IL-1β between HPV (High-risk) negative and positive adult laryngeal papilloma patients.

Regulating Interface Engineering by Helmholtz Plane Reconstructed Achieves Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anodes.

The rampant dendrite growth and notorious parasitic reactions significantly compromise the stability of zinc anodes in aqueous zinc metal batteries, presenting substantial for their practical applications. Herein, this work proposes a synergistic strategy that reconstructs the Helmholtz plane to precisely regulate the interface chemistry between the anode and the electrolyte. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that even a small amount of pyridine oxide (PNO) additive effectively alters the coordination environment and reorganizes the solvation sheath in the Outer Helmholtz Plane (OHP).

Tetrandrine augments melanoma cell immunogenicity via dual inhibition of autophagic flux and proteasomal activity enhancing MHC-I presentation.

MHC-I-mediated antigen presentation is pivotal in antitumor immunity, enabling the recognition and destruction of tumor cells by CD8 T cells. Both the proteasome and autophagy serve as essential cellular degradation mechanisms that regulate the stability and functionality of MHC-I molecules. In melanoma, modulating the pathways that affect MHC-I antigen presentation is pivotal and can profoundly influence the therapeutic outcomes of immunotherapy.

Safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of HA121-28 in patients with advanced solid tumors and RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase 1/2 trial.

HA121-28, a promising multikinase inhibitor, mainly targets rearranged during transfection (RET) fusions and selectively targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, endothelial growth factor receptor, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-3. The safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of HA121-28 were assessed in advanced solid tumors (phase 1, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03994484) and advanced RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (RET-TKI naive NSCLC, phase 2, ClinicalTrials.

The role of 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone in insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis regulated by DUOX-ROS immunity in Spodoptera exigua.

Insect midgut bacteria can be transferred to the blood cavity due to Bt infection and proliferate, becoming pathogens and enhancing Bt insecticidal activity. Dual oxidase (DUOX)-reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating microbial homeostasis and resisting pathogen infection. However, the functions of MEKK and MKK associated with DUOX-ROS immunity are rarely studied in insects, moreover, the regulatory mechanisms underlying DUOX-ROS immunity via 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) are underexplored.

Risk score for the prediction of arteriovenous fistula maturation.

Background: The poor maturation rate of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) remains a challenge. We aim to develop a parsimonious risk score equations that incorporate patients' demographics, comorbidities, and vessel characteristics to assist the access surgeons in predicting the likelihood of AVF maturation before surgery.

Methods: Data of AVFs created from 2015 to 2020 in National University Hospital Singapore was retrospectively obtained and used as the training dataset.

Prognostic Significance of Preoperative Perihematomal Edema in Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage After Minimally Invasive Surgery.

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), including endoscopic evacuation and minimally invasive catheter (MIC) evacuation, has been widely used in patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage (SCH). However, the long-term prognosis varies widely. Herein, a case-control study nested within a multicenter cohort was conducted to explore the risk factors for unfavorable prognosis in patients with SCH after MIS.

TGT Damages its Substrate tRNAs by the Formation of Abasic Sites in the Anticodon Loop.

RNA modification is a well-recognized way for gene expression regulation in a living cell. Natural enzymatic RNA modifications have been characterized for decades. Recently, additional mechanisms, more related to RNA damage, have emerged, which do not involve targeted enzymatic activity but nonetheless alter the chemical structure of nucleosides.

BSA@IR780-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles with enhanced photostability for multimodal imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors.

Multifunctional phototherapy that integrates diagnostic and therapeutic modalities holds the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. The near-infrared cyanine dye IR780 is known for its high spatial resolution imaging capabilities. When conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), it effectively mitigates common challenges such as photobleaching and fluorescence quenching, making it widely used in tumor imaging.

Effects of Double-Stranded RNA Degrading Nucleases on RNAi Efficiency in Beet Moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The insect order Lepidoptera contains many species that are considered to be agricultural pests. Specific double-stranded RNA-degrading enzymes in some moth species decrease the efficiency of RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi refers to the efficient and specific degradation of homologous mRNA induced by highly conserved, double-stranded RNA during evolution.

Preoperative prediction of the Lauren classification in gastric cancer using automated nnU-Net and radiomics: a multicenter study.

Objectives: To develop and validate a deep learning model based on nnU-Net combined with radiomics to achieve autosegmentation of gastric cancer (GC) and preoperative prediction via the Lauren classification.

Methods: Patients with a pathological diagnosis of GC were retrospectively enrolled in three medical centers. The nnU-Net autosegmentation model was developed using manually segmented datasets and evaluated by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC).