Changes in Blood Eosinophil Counts Predict the Death of Patients With Myocardial Infarction After Hospital Discharge.

Background: Preclinical studies demonstrate a cardioprotective role of eosinophils in acute myocardial infarction. Yet clinical studies show conflicting correlations between blood eosinophil counts and acute myocardial infarction risk and mortality. This study evaluates blood eosinophil counts of patients with acute myocardial infarction at hospital admission (EOS) and discharge (EOS) on all-cause and cardiac mortalities.

Pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin S and of NSPs-AAP-1 (a novel, alternative protease driving the activation of neutrophil serine proteases).

An uncontrolled activity of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) contributes to inflammatory diseases. Cathepsin C (CatC) is known to activate NSPs during neutrophilic differentiation and represents a promising pharmacological target in NSP-mediated diseases. In humans, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) patients have mutations in theirCTSC gene, resulting in the complete absence of CatC activity.

Differential roles of eosinophils in cardiovascular disease.

Eosinophils are essential innate immune cells in allergic responses. Accumulating evidence indicates that eosinophils also participate in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In clinical studies, high blood eosinophil counts and eosinophil cationic protein levels have been associated with an increased risk of CVD, including myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and atherosclerosis.

CD8 + T-cell deficiency protects mice from abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in response to calcium chloride 2.

Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an aneurysm-like dilated and highly fatal cardiovascular disease. CD8 + T cells have been shown to be critical for vascular pathological processes, but the contribution of these lymphocytes to vascular diseases remains elusive.

Methods And Results: Eight-week-old male wildtype (CD8 +/+ ) and Cd8a knockout (CD8 -/- ) mice were used in a calcium chloride 2 (CaCl 2 )-induced experimental AAA model.

A metabolic switch orchestrated by IL-18 and the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP programs intestinal tolerance.

Tissues are exposed to diverse inflammatory challenges that shape future inflammatory responses. While cellular metabolism regulates immune function, how metabolism programs and stabilizes immune states within tissues and tunes susceptibility to inflammation is poorly understood. Here, we describe an innate immune metabolic switch that programs long-term intestinal tolerance.

Intestinal CXCR6 ILC3s migrate to the kidney and exacerbate renal fibrosis via IL-23 receptor signaling enhanced by PD-1 expression.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) regulate inflammation and tissue repair at mucosal sites, but whether these functions pertain to other tissues-like the kidneys-remains unclear. Here, we observed that renal fibrosis in humans was associated with increased ILC3s in the kidneys and blood. In mice, we showed that CXCR6 ILC3s rapidly migrated from the intestinal mucosa and accumulated in the kidney via CXCL16 released from the injured tubules.

Colchicine Blocks Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development by Maintaining Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Homeostasis.

Development of non-surgical treatment of human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has clinical significance. Colchicine emerges as an effective therapeutic regimen in cardiovascular diseases. Yet, whether colchicine slows AAA growth remain controversy.

Association between Perceived Stress and Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome in an Elderly Population: Rugao Longevity and Aging Study.

Introduction: Previous studies have indicated a correlation between perceived stress and cognitive decline. However, it remains unknown whether high levels of perceived stress can result in motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome. This study investigated the relationship between perceived stress and MCR in a community-based population.

Marginal zone B cells produce 'natural' atheroprotective IgM antibodies in a T cell-dependent manner.

Aims: The adaptive immune response plays an important role in atherosclerosis. In response to a high-fat/high-cholesterol (HF/HC) diet, marginal zone B (MZB) cells activate an atheroprotective programme by regulating the differentiation and accumulation of 'poorly differentiated' T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. On the other hand, Tfh cells activate the germinal centre response, which promotes atherosclerosis through the production of class-switched high-affinity antibodies.

Predicting colorectal cancer prognosis based on long noncoding RNAs of disulfidptosis genes.

Background: A recently hypothesized cause of cell death called disulfidptosis has been linked to the expansion, emigration, and vascular rebuilding of cancer cells. Cancer can be treated by targeting the pathways that trigger cell death.

Aim: To discover the long non-coding RNA of the disulfidaptosis-related lncRNAs (DRLs), prognosis clinical survival, and treat patients with colorectal cancer with medications.

Single-cell profiling reveals kidney CD163 dendritic cell participation in human lupus nephritis.

Objectives: The current work aimed to provide a comprehensive single-cell landscape of lupus nephritis (LN) kidneys, including immune and non-immune cells, identify disease-associated cell populations and unravel their participation within the kidney microenvironment.

Methods: Single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing were performed on renal biopsy tissues from 40 patients with LN and 6 healthy donors as controls. Matched peripheral blood samples from seven LN patients were also sequenced.

A Natural Small Molecule Mitigates Kidney Fibrosis by Targeting Cdc42-mediated GSK-3β/β-catenin Signaling.

Kidney fibrosis is a common fate of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), eventually leading to renal dysfunction. Yet, no effective treatment for this pathological process has been achieved. During the bioassay-guided chemical investigation of the medicinal plant Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, a daphne diterpenoid, daphnepedunin A (DA), is characterized as a promising anti-renal fibrotic lead.

Differential Roles of Interleukin-6 in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Infection and Cardiometabolic Diseases.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to a cytokine storm, unleashed in part by pyroptosis of virus-infected macrophages and monocytes. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as a key participant in this ominous complication of COVID-19. IL-6 antagonists have improved outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in some, but not all, studies.

Ischemic stroke prediction using machine learning in elderly Chinese population: The Rugao Longitudinal Ageing Study.

Objective: Compared logistic regression (LR) with machine learning (ML) models, to predict the risk of ischemic stroke in an elderly population in China.

Methods: We applied 2208 records from the Rugao Longitudinal Ageing Study (RLAS) for ischemic stroke risk prediction assessment. Input variables included 103 phenotypes.

Cathepsin S activity controls chronic stress-induced muscle atrophy and dysfunction in mice.

Exposure to chronic psychological stress (CPS) is an intractable risk factor for inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Lysosomal cysteinyl cathepsins play an important role in human pathobiology. Given that cathepsin S (CTSS) is upregulated in the stressed vascular and adipose tissues, we investigated whether CTSS participates in chronic stress-induced skeletal muscle mass loss and dysfunction, with a special focus on muscle protein metabolic imbalance and apoptosis.

Intrinsic capacity and 5-year late-life functional ability trajectories of Chinese older population using ICOPE tool: the Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study.

Background And Aims: Knowledge of how intrinsic capacity (IC) shape functional ability (FA) trajectories in later life remains unclear. We investigated the changes in IC and their impact on 5-years FA trajectories in the Chinese older population.

Methods: A total of 1640 older adults from the Rugao Longitudinal Ageing Study were included and analyzed.

Cathepsin S deficiency improves muscle mass loss and dysfunction via the modulation of protein metabolism in mice under pathological stress conditions.

Cathepsin S (CTSS) is a widely expressed cysteinyl protease that has garnered attention because of its enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions under inflammatory and metabolic pathological conditions. Here, we examined whether CTSS participates in stress-related skeletal muscle mass loss and dysfunction, focusing on protein metabolic imbalance. Eight-week-old male wildtype (CTSS ) and CTSS-knockout (CTSS ) mice were randomly assigned to non-stress and variable-stress groups for 2 weeks, and then processed for morphological and biochemical studies.

Cationic proteins from eosinophils bind bone morphogenetic protein receptors promoting vascular calcification and atherogenesis.

Aims: Blood eosinophil count and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration are risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This study tested whether and how eosinophils and ECP contribute to vascular calcification and atherogenesis.

Methods And Results: Immunostaining revealed eosinophil accumulation in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions.

CTSS Modulates Stress-Related Carotid Artery Thrombosis in a Mouse FeCl Model.

Background: Exposure to chronic psychological stress is a risk factor for metabolic cardiovascular disease. Given the important role of lysosomal CTSS (cathepsin S) in human pathobiology, we examined the role of CTSS in stress-related thrombosis, focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.

Methods: Six-week-old wild-type mice (CTSS) and CTSS-deficient mice (CTSS) randomly assigned to nonstress and 2-week immobilization stress groups underwent iron chloride3 (FeCl)-induced carotid thrombosis surgery for morphological and biochemical studies.

Protocol for in vivo and ex vivo assessment of hyperglycemia and islet function in diabetic mice.

Mouse hyperglycemia model and islet function assessment are essential in diabetes research. Here, we provide a protocol to evaluate glucose homeostasis and islet functions in diabetic mice and isolated islets. We describe steps for establishing type 1 and 2 diabetes, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay, and histological analysis for islet number and insulin expression in vivo.

Maltol attenuates polystyrene nanoplastic-induced enterotoxicity by promoting AMPK/mTOR/TFEB-mediated autophagy and modulating gut microbiota.

The production and application of nanoplastics has been increased during decades, and the enterotoxicity caused by their bioaccumulation has attracted vast attention. Maltol was proved to exert a protective effect on gut damage induced by carbon tetrachloride and cisplatin, indicating its confrontation with nanoplastics-induced intestinal toxicity. To explore the ameliorative effects of maltol on polystyrene nanoplastics (PS)-mediated enterotoxicity and the underlying mechanism, the mice were exposed to PS (100 mg/kg), combining with or without the treatment of maltol treatment at 50 and 100 mg/kg.

Wumei Wan attenuates angiogenesis and inflammation by modulating RAGE signaling pathway in IBD: Network pharmacology analysis and experimental evidence.

Background: Wumei Wan (WMW) has been used to address digestive disorder for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated its anti-colitis efficacy, but the underlying mechanism of its action remains to be further clarified.

Purpose: To investigate the underlying mechanisms of WMW in the treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) through network pharmacology and experimental validation.