Y chromosome-linked UTY modulates sex differences in valvular fibroblast methylation in response to nanoscale extracellular matrix cues.

Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a progressive disease, wherein males more often develop valve calcification relative to females that develop valve fibrosis. Valvular interstitial cells (VICs) aberrantly activate to myofibroblasts during AVS, driving the fibrotic valve phenotype in females. Myofibroblasts further differentiate into osteoblast-like cells and produce calcium nanoparticles, driving valve calcification in males.

Effect of priority cranioplasty on post-traumatic hydrocephalus with severe collapse of brain tissue: A case report.

Trephine syndrome and post-traumatic hydrocephalus are frequent complications following decompressive craniectomy in patients with traumatic brain injury. The recommended treatments for trephine syndrome and post-traumatic hydrocephalus include cranioplasty and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. However, There is no consensus on the priority of these two procedures.

The RNA binding protein CARHSP1 facilitates tumor growth, metastasis and immune escape by enhancing IL-17RA mRNA stabilization in prostate cancer.

Background: Calcium-regulated heat-stable protein 1 (CARHSP1) has been identified as a cold shock domain (CSD) protein family member, participating in the regulation of ribosomal translation, mRNA degradation, and the rate of transcription termination. However, there is an extremely limited understanding of the function of CARHSP1 as an RNA binding protein (RBP) in prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: The expression pattern of CARHSP1 and the correlation between the CARHSP1 expression and clinical prognosis in PCa patients were analyzed by using multiple public databases.

Characterization and release of casein‑sodium alginate embedding phage edible film and the application in controlling of Salmonella contamination in food.

Salmonella remains a major foodborne pathogen responsible for food poisoning and poses a serious threat to public health. This study has developed an edible antimicrobial film using bacteriophage (phage) SaTp-04, specifically designed to capture and eliminate Salmonella in food. Optimal film conditions were achieved using casein (CA) and sodium alginate (SA) as the matrix, glycerol as the plasticizer, and phage protector.

Effects of sex and season (breeding and non-breeding) on microhabitat selection in Stejneger's bamboo pitviper ().

Habitat quality and availability are crucial for the survival and reproduction of animal species. Intraspecific and seasonal differences in habitat selection reflect adaptations to changing biological requirements and environmental factors. To investigate the effects of season (breeding and non-breeding) and sex on microhabitat selection in snakes, here we employed field surveys to analyze microhabitat selection data for Stejneger's bamboo pitviper () across different sexes and seasons.

EasyMetagenome: A user-friendly and flexible pipeline for shotgun metagenomic analysis in microbiome research.

Shotgun metagenomics has become a pivotal technology in microbiome research, enabling in-depth analysis of microbial communities at both the high-resolution taxonomic and functional levels. This approach provides valuable insights of microbial diversity, interactions, and their roles in health and disease. However, the complexity of data processing and the need for reproducibility pose significant challenges to researchers.

Structure characterization of polysaccharide isolated from Ribes nigrum L. and it's bioactivity against gout.

Gout mainly caused by the increase of uric acid level in serum poses a threat to human health. Inhibition on the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) usually an effective method for treating gout, so finding XOD inhibitors without side effects is crucial. In this study, two heteropolysaccharides were extracted from blackcurrant by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase technology, and the top phase (PRNP-1) and bottom phase (PRNP-2) polysaccharides at high purity (>86%) were obtained after column chromatography separation.

Secreted Cytokines From Inflammatory Macrophages Modulate Sex Differences in Valvular Interstitial Cells on Hydrogel Biomaterials.

Patients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS) experience fibrosis and/or calcification in valve tissue, which leads to heart failure if left untreated. Inflammation is a hallmark of AVS, and secreted cytokines from pro-inflammatory macrophages are thought to contribute to valve fibro-calcification by driving the activation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) to myofibroblasts. However, the molecular mechanisms by which inflammatory cytokines differentially regulate myofibroblast activation as a function of biological sex are not fully defined.

Alzheimer's disease with depression: clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms involving orexin and brain atrophy.

This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and alteration of orexinergic level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the volumes of brain grey and white matters, and investigate the roles of orexinergic level on the association between brain atrophy and depression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The demographic variables of 156 participants were collected. Orexinergic level in CSF and the volumes of brain grey and white matters were evaluated.

Prp19/CDC5L promotes gastric cancer via activation of the MAPK pathway-mediated homologous recombination.

Recent advances in gastric cancer (GC) treatment have not substantially improved the 5-year survival rate nor have they significantly reduced the high recurrence rate. This highlights the need for further research to explore the underlying mechanisms of GC. Cell Division Cycle 5-Like Protein (CDC5L) has been implicated in various malignant behaviors of tumors.

Eliminating VEGFA+ tumor-associated neutrophils by antibody-drug conjugates boosts antitumor immunity and potentiates PD-1 immunotherapy in preclinical models of cervical cancer.

Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) actively interact with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME), though the detailed mechanisms governing their response to ADC treatment remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we explored how ICAM1-targeted ADCs affect TAN dynamics in preclinical models of cervical cancer. We discovered that I-DXd, our in-house ADC targeting cervical cancer, effectively eliminates tumor cells through specific antigen recognition while concurrently depleting pro-tumor VEGFA + TANs via Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis.

Macrophages hijack carbapenem-resistance hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae by blocking SLC7A11/GSH-manipulated iron oxidative stress.

Infection with carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) is life-threatening because of its pronounced virulence and antibiotic resistance. Recent studies revealed that iron and ROS enhance the ability of macrophages to eliminate intracellular pathogenic bacteria. However, whether and how iron-related oxygen stress responses in macrophages elicit a protective role against CR-hvKP infection remains largely unknown.

Evolution law of surrounding rock stress field for ultra-deep shaft development blasting.

With the increase of the construction depth for ultra-deep shaft development blasting, it is prone to occur problems such as reduced driving efficiency, frequent dynamic disasters, wellbore instability and fracture under the coupling effect of deep high stress and strong blasting disturbance. In this paper, the dynamic evolution process of surrounding rock stress field and the propagation law of explosion stress wave in the process of ultra-deep shaft development blasting were studied by combining theoretical analysis with physical model test. The theoretical analysis model of ultra-deep shaft blasting excavation was established based on elastic mechanics, and the stress distribution and failure mechanism of surrounding rock under the coupling effect of deep high stress and blasting load were explored.

Rheumatoid arthritis and risk of hearing impairment: A genetic correlation and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Prior research has indicated a connection between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and hearing impairment (HI), although there is disagreement among researchers. An extensive assessment of the causal relationship between RA and HI was the aim of this Mendelian randomization (MR) study. We examined summary-level data from RA and HL genome-wide association studies using inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis.

Rejuvenating Hyaline Cartilage with Senescence-Targeting Si-ADAM19 Delivery for Osteoarthritis Therapy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint degenerative diseases without effective treatment, whose pathology is related to the local accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs). However, existing SnCs-scavenging drugs "senolytics" may lead to the exhaustion of stem and progenitor cells, impairing chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage regeneration. Here, ADAM19, a kind of endopeptidases from the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) family, is identified as a novel target for senescent chondrocyte rejuvenation.

Identification of CD66c as a potential target in gastroesophageal junction cancer for antibody-drug conjugate development.

Background: Gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer exhibits unique biological characteristics and currently lacks specific targeted therapies. Given the clinical efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in solid tumor treatment, we aimed to identify a novel ADC target and suitable payload for GEJ-targeted therapy.

Methods: In this study, we conducted bioinformatic analyses of multi-omics data, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics, to identify CD66c as a promising ADC target for GEJ cancer.

Protocol for multiplexed RNAscope-based imaging of mRNAs in whole-mount adult Drosophila brains.

Visualizing the expression of mRNAs using traditional in situ hybridization is often hampered by obstacles including weak signal, high background, and poor probe specificity. Here, we present a protocol utilizing RNAscope (ACD) to overcome these obstacles and detect multiple types of mRNAs simultaneously in whole-mount adult Drosophila brains. We further describe how mRNAs can be reliably quantified in any cells that can be targeted by common binary expression systems such as Gal4/UAS and labeled by immunohistochemistry.

Tyrosol protects RPE cells from HO-induced oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Oxidative stress-induced damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Tyrosol is a phenolic compound with antioxidant properties, but its protective effect against oxidative stress-induced AMD and its underlying mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of tyrosol on hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced retinal damage and demonstrate its underlying mechanisms in ARPE-19 cells and C57BL/6J mice retinas.

DNL-17: A Small-Pore Aluminophosphate in ABC-6 Family with 24 Stacking Layers Unraveled by Three-Dimensional Electron Diffraction.

Small-pore aluminophosphate (AlPO) molecular sieves (MSs), particularly those in the ABC-6 family, have gained significant attention for their unique capabilities in selective adsorption and energy storage. However, developing new synthesis strategies for designing AlPOs with three-dimensional (3D) channel systems and determining the structures of nanosized novel AlPO MSs remain challenging tasks. In this study, we introduce a new small-pore AlPO with a 3D channel system, named DNL-17, synthesized by using a diquaternary ammonium compound as an organic structure-directing agent (OSDA).

Microfluidic design and preparation of hydrogel microcapsules of Mesona chinensis polysaccharide: Characterization, pH-responsive behavior and gastrointestinal protection for Lactobacillus plantarum.

Probiotics have brought many health benefits to the human body. However, their viability during gastrointestinal transit is a concern. Therefore, this study selected Mesona chinensis polysaccharide (MCP), an edible natural polysaccharide, and constructed a new type of microcapsules using MCP as raw material to prepare cross-linked calcium ions through a microfluidic system as an ideal intestinal targeting carrier to achieve precise delivery of bioactive substances.

Comparison of the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is considered to be the standard treatment strategy for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); however, the risk of adverse events and postoperative recurrence remains significant. This study aimed to evaluate the non-inferiority of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) compared with nCRT in patients with LARC and to assess the possibility of eliminating radiotherapy on the basis of guaranteed efficacy.

Materials And Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of nCRT and nCT for LARC.

Optimization of digital back-propagation for coherent optical fiber communication systems using fourth-order Runge-Kutta in the interaction picture method.

The digital back-propagation (DBP) is an algorithm that can equalize the chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity in the coherent optical fiber communication system. However, the nonlinear equalization effect of traditional split-step Fourier method (SSFM)-based DBP is limited. This paper replaces the SSFM in DBP algorithm with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta in the interaction picture (RK4IP) method, and employs the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) to optimize the coefficients in RK4IP-based DBP algorithm, then compares it with SSFM-based DBP algorithm, which is also optimized using BOA.

Apathy in Alzheimer's disease: Eye movements characteristics and neurostructural basis.

Background: We sought to evaluate the characteristics of eye movements in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with apathy (AD-A) and their ability to identify AD-A and explore the shared neurostructure of eye movements and apathy.

Methods: Total 32 normal controls, 36 AD-A, and 72 AD with no apathy (AD-NA) patients were recruited. Parameters of smooth pursuit, fixation, prosaccade, and antisaccade were compared among the three groups.

Biology, Pathogenicity, and Genetic Diversity of the Rice Pathogen in Heilongjiang Province, China.

Rice false smut (RFS) is pervasive and has emerged as the primary disease affecting rice productivity. Due to the lack of effective chemical control, disease-resistant varieties are the primary method of managing the disease. This study aimed to investigate the influence of biological characteristics such as hyphal growth rate, spore production and germination ability on the pathogenicity of .

Revealing the CO adsorption blocking mechanism in flexible low-silica small-pore zeolites three-dimensional electron diffraction.

Low-silica small-pore zeolites are essential for CO selective adsorption; however, some Na-form flexible types exhibit negligible performance. Advanced three-dimensional electron diffraction elucidated the blocking mechanism: Na ions in elliptical 8-rings hinder CO diffusion. Structural insights guided the design of K-form types with wider 8-rings, achieving enhanced CO adsorption.