Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast: A Review of Clinicopathologic Characteristics, Molecular Mechanisms, and Patient Management.

Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) represents a distinct entity within the spectrum of breast papillary tumors, typically manifesting as a retroareolar mass. This rare subtype can be effectively visualized using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, which reveal characteristic cystic-solid nodules. Histopathologically, EPC is defined by a papillary tumor structure with a well-defined fibrous capsule, devoid of myoepithelial cells both within and around the capsule.

Mitophagy: insights into its signaling molecules, biological functions, and therapeutic potential in breast cancer.

Mitophagy, a form of selective autophagy that removes damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. Recent findings suggest that defective mitophagy is closely associated with various diseases, including breast cancer. Moreover, a better understanding of the multifaceted roles of mitophagy in breast cancer progression is crucial for the treatment of this disease.

Patient-Reported Outcomes and Complication Profiles of Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction in Patients With Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and complications of distinct implant-based breast reconstruction modality for patients with postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT).

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on breast cancer patients with stage II-III disease who performed implant-based breast reconstruction following with PMRT between September 2016 and April 2022. The patients were categorized into two matched groups: (1) patients receiving prepectoral breast reconstruction (PBR) or (2) subpectoral breast reconstruction (SBR) followed by PMRT.

Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and regulated cell death in tumors: insights into apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the main stromal component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), play multifaceted roles in cancer progression through paracrine signaling, exosome transfer, and cell interactions. Attractively, recent evidence indicates that CAFs can modulate various forms of regulated cell death (RCD) in adjacent tumor cells, thus involving cancer proliferation, therapy resistance, and immune exclusion. Here, we present a brief introduction to CAFs and basic knowledge of RCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis.

Blockade of CD93 in pleural mesothelial cells fuels anti-lung tumor immune responses.

CD93 reportedly facilitates tumor angiogenesis. However, whether CD93 regulates antitumor immunity remains undeciphered. Lung tumor tissues, malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) were obtained from lung cancer patients.

Serum Exosome-Derived piRNAs Could Be Promising Biomarkers for HCC Diagnosis.

Background: Serum exosome-based liquid biopsy has significant advantages for screening and diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are novel small silencing RNAs that have been identified to function in cancer-related signalling pathways. However, studies on the presence of piRNAs in serum exosomes from HCC patients and their diagnostic values in HCC are not well reported.

Targeting pyroptosis in breast cancer: biological functions and therapeutic potentials on It.

Pyroptosis is a lytic and inflammatory type of programmed cell death that is mediated by Gasdermin proteins (GSDMs). Attractively, recent evidence indicates that pyroptosis involves in the development of tumors and can serve as a new strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we present a basic knowledge of pyroptosis, and an overview of the expression patterns and roles of GSDMs in breast cancer.

Serum-Exosome-Derived miRNAs Serve as Promising Biomarkers for HCC Diagnosis.

Background: Serum exosomes are emerging as key liquid biopsy biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer. However, the proportion and distribution of small RNA (sRNA) species from serum exosomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remain unclear. Effective and reliable biomarkers for HCC diagnosis should be explored.

Neobavaisoflavone inhibits antitumor immunosuppression via myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Neobavaisoflavone (Neo), as a traditional Chinese medicine, is the active ingredient in the herb Psoralea corylifolial and has antitumor activity. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are a heterogeneous population of haematopoietic cells of the myeloid lineage, have been reported to be closely related to the pathogenesis of tumour progression, but whether Neo can regulate MDSC expansion and function remains unclear. Here, we found that Neo could inhibit the expansion and suppressive function of MDSCs by targeting STAT3.

Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces antitumor immunosuppression by inducing CHIP-mediated TGF-β degradation.

TGF-β is essential for inducing systemic tumor immunosuppression; thus, blocking TGF-β can greatly enhance antitumor immunity. However, there are still no effective TGF-β inhibitors in clinical use. Here, we show that the clinically approved compound ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), by degrading TGF-β, enhances antitumor immunity through restraining Treg cell differentiation and activation in tumor-bearing mice.

Mir-4728 is a Valuable Biomarker for Diagnostic and Prognostic Assessment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer remains one of the most common malignancies in female cancer patients. The rapid and accurate diagnosis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status is indispensable for breast cancer patients. The pre-miR-4728 (mir-4728) is encoded within an intron of the HER2 gene.

Schisandrin B promotes T1 cell differentiation by targeting STAT1.

Schisandrin B (Sch B) is the major active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis and has antitumor activity, anti-inflammatory activity. CD4 Th subsets orchestrate immune responses to plenty of pathogen infections and participate in the pathogenesis of many immune-related diseases. However, little is known about the relationship between Sch B and T cell differentiation.

Neobavaisoflavone-mediated T9 cell differentiation ameliorates bowel inflammation.

Neobavaisoflavone (Neo), is the active constituent of the herb Psoralea corylifolial, used in the traditional Chinese medicine, and has anti-inflammatory activity, but whether Neo could regulate colitis remains unclear. T helper 9 (T9) cells, a subset of CD4 T helper cells characterized by secretion of IL-9, have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but whether Neo could control T9 cell differentiation also remains unclear. Here, we found that Neo could decrease IL-9 production of CD4 T cells by targeting PU.

Schisandrin B-mediated TH17 cell differentiation attenuates bowel inflammation.

Schisandrin B (Sch B) is the major active constituent of the traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis and has anti-inflammatory activity, but the target of Sch B remains unclear. T helper 17 (T17) cells have been involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, we showed that Sch B could decrease IL-17A production of CD4 T cells by targeting STAT3 in vitro.

PCOLCE Is Potent Prognostic Biomarker and Associates With Immune Infiltration in Gastric Cancer.

Background: The exact biological role of PCOLCE was not yet clear and there were few reports study the correlation of PCOLCE gene expression level with the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.

Methods: The expression of PCOLCE was analyzed by performing the Oncomine and Ualcan database. We evaluated the function of PCOLCE on clinical prognosis with the use of Kaplan-Meier plotter database.

Oridonin inhibits 4T1 tumor growth by suppressing Treg differentiation via TGF-β receptor.

The Chinese herbal medicine oridonin has potent anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. In addition, oridonin treatment effectively suppresses breast cancer growth. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined.

PD-L1 exosomes from bone marrow-derived cells of tumor-bearing mice inhibit antitumor immunity.

Tumors escape immune attack by upregulating the surface expression of PD-L1, which interacts with PD-1 on T cells to activate immune inhibitory signaling. Anti-PD-1 treatments can effectively block this inhibitory signaling and activate antitumor immune responses. However, anti-PD-1 treatment also has a tumor suppressive effect in patients whose tumor cells do not express PD-L1.

Th9 Cell Differentiation and Its Dual Effects in Tumor Development.

With the improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and characteristics of cancers, the critical role of the immune system in preventing tumor development has been widely accepted. The understanding of the relationship between the immune system and cancer progression is constantly evolving, from the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis to immunoediting theory and the delicate balance in the tumor microenvironment. Currently, immunotherapy is regarded as a promising strategy against cancers.

Fas signaling-mediated T9 cell differentiation favors bowel inflammation and antitumor functions.

Fas induces apoptosis in activated T cell to maintain immune homeostasis, but the effects of non-apoptotic Fas signaling on T cells remain unclear. Here we show that Fas promotes T9 cell differentiation by activating NF-κB via Ca-dependent PKC-β activation. In addition, PKC-β also phosphorylates p38 to inactivate NFAT1 and reduce NFAT1-NF-κB synergy to promote the Fasinduced T9 transcription program.

A Unique Four-Point Approach for Removal of Giant Breast Fibroadenoma With Marked Asymmetry: A Modified Round Block Technique.

The removal of the giant breast fibroadenoma (GFA) with esthetic repair of the severe deformed breast is a surgical challenge. This was a retrospective study of data of 10 patients with GFAs who treated with a modified round block technique at the Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital (Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China) from March 2014 to June 2017. Preoperatively, according to the degree of excess skin and asymmetry, a four-point approach was designed.

miR-30b suppresses the progression of breast cancer through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by targeting Derlin-1.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the initiation, progression and metastasis of breast cancer. It has been confirmed that miR-30b is involved in various cancers. However, the specific involvement of miR-30b on breast cancer metastasis remains unknown.

Adipocyte-derived exosomes promote lung cancer metastasis by increasing MMP9 activity via transferring MMP3 to lung cancer cells.

Obesity is involved in tumor progression. However, the corresponding mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report that adipocytes increase the invasive ability of tumor cells by producing exosomes with a high level of MMP3.

New utility of an old marker: serum low-density lipoprotein predicts histopathological response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Although the correlation between metabolic abnormality and gastric cancer has been extensively investigated, the question of whether metabolic parameters might influence the efficacy of chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer is still unanswered. In our present study, we investigated the relationship between serum fasting glucose, lipid levels, and histopathological response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in locally advanced gastric cancers.

Patients And Methods: A total of 128 patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received NAC between July 2004 and December 2012.

FOXA1 Expression Significantly Predict Response to Chemotherapy in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Patients.

Purpose: Most estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer responds poorly to chemotherapy and no single cost-effective biomarker capable of selecting chemosensitive ones has been found yet. We investigated FOXA1 for its role in predicting chemosensitivity of this subgroup in neoadjuvant chemotherapy settings.

Methods: We reviewed pathologic slides of 123 patients who were diagnosed with ER-positive breast cancer on core needle biopsy and underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy at our institution between 2002 and 2012.

Lin28 promotes Her2 expression and Lin28/Her2 predicts poorer survival in gastric cancer.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the interactions between Lin28 and Her2 in gastric cancer. Lin28 and Her2 expression were evaluated in surgically resected samples of 298 gastric cancer patients using immunohistochemical staining. The correlations between Lin28/Her2 expression and clinical variables were retrospectively analyzed.