Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Intervention of Sarcopenia: Current Stage and Future Perspective.

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder and can be associated with many comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, and fracture. Its definitions, given by the AWGS and EWGSOP, are widely used. Sarcopenia is measured by muscle strength, muscle quantity or mass and physical performance.

Combining quantitative susceptibility mapping to radiomics in diagnosing Parkinson's disease and assessing cognitive impairment.

Objective: To explore whether magnetic susceptibility value (MSV) and radiomics features of the nigrostriatal system could be used as imaging markers for diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD) and its related cognitive impairment (CI).

Methods: A total of 104 PD patients and 45 age-sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). The former completed Hoehn-Yahr Stage and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

Real-time parametric estimation of periodic wake-foil interactions using bioinspired pressure sensing and machine learning.

Periodic wake-foil interactions occur in the collective swimming of bio-inspired robots. Wake interaction pattern estimation (and control) is crucial to thrust enhancement and propulsive efficiency optimization. In this paper, we study the wake interaction pattern estimation of two flapping foils in tandem configurations.

Optimal Cut-Off Values of Visceral Fat Area for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ningbo, China.

Objective: To examine the optimal cut-off values of visceral fat area (VFA) for predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS) among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in Ningbo China.

Methods: A total of 1017 subjects were selected from T2D patients who accepted standardized management by the National Standardized Metabolic Disease Management Center at Ningbo First Hospital from March 2018 to January 2020. Demography and medical information were collected through questionnaires.

An organophosphorus-mediated cross-Rauhut-Currier/Wittig domino reaction for the efficient synthesis of trisubstituted cyclopentenes.

An efficient organophosphorus-mediated cross-Rauhut-Currier/Wittig domino reaction of vinyl ketones with chalcones has been developed for the synthesis of trisubstituted cyclopentenes. The new synthetic method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, environmental friendliness and satisfactory yields.

DL-3-n-butylphthalide alleviates vascular cognitive impairment by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and the Shh/Ptch1 signaling-pathway in rats.

Background: DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) has been approved to be effective in improving cognitive deficits. The aim of the current study was to determine whether NBP protects against cognitive deficits in a rat model of vascular dementia (VD) induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) by regulating the sonic hedgehog (Shh)/patched1 (Ptch1) pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related markers.

Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO) to established the model of VD.

Comparisons of Effects on Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentration after Exposure of Two Glycosidase Inhibitors in Mice.

Acarbose and voglibose are the most widely used diabetes drugs as glycosidase inhibitors. In this study, the use of these two inhibitors significantly increased the content of starch in large intestine, and altered the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by affecting the intestinal microbiota. However, there are some differences in the intestinal microbiome of the two groups of mice, mainly in bacteria such as Bacteroidaceae bacteroides and Desulfovibrionaceae desulfovibrio.

Correction: Local thoracic therapy improve prognosis for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients combined with chemotherapy: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

A Cascade Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling/Annulation Reaction of Benzamides with β-Keto Esters for the Synthesis of Isoquinolinone Derivatives.

A novel cascade DCC/annulation reaction of N-alkoxybenzamides with β-keto esters has been developed for the synthesis of isoquinolinone derivatives under palladium catalysis. A plausible mechanism involving α-C(sp)-H activation and a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic cycle is also proposed.

Local thoracic therapy improve prognosis for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients combined with chemotherapy: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database analysis.

Patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprise a heterogeneous group, and the optimal treatment for this group of patients is complex and debatable. We aimed to assess the effect of local thoracic therapy combined with chemotherapy on cancer specific survival (CSS). To evaluate the CSS of four subgroups of patients with stage IV NSCLC according to four different treatment modalities: combined modality of Chemotherapy, Surgery, and Radiation (Chem+Sur+RT), Chemotherapy and Radiation (Chem+RT), Chemotherapy and Surgery (Chem+Sur), and Chemotherapy only (Chem Only) by analyzing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-registered database.

Cascade C-H Functionalization/Amidation Reaction for Synthesis of Azepinone Derivatives.

A cascade C-H functionalization/amidation reaction of aminobiaryls with diazomalonates has been developed under rhodium catalysis, affording new azepinone derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.

[Spatial-temporal and environmental effects of catch rate on Antarctic krill fishery in the South Georgia Island in the austral winter season based on the fine scale data].

The waters around the South Georgia Island is one of the main fishing ground of Antarctic krill fishery and many predators such as sea seal and whale inhabited this island target Antarctic krill as a food source. So it is very important for further understanding Antarctic ecosystem to conduct the research on abundance fluctuation of Antarctic krill resource around this island. Consequently, based on the fine scale fishery data collected in the winter 2013, using the generalized additive model (GAM), the present study analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and the catch rate of Antarctic krill.

Down-regulation of eIF5A-2 prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small-cell lung cancer cells.

Background: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is believed to be the critical process in malignant tumor invasion and metastases, and has a great influence on improving the survival rate in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Recent studies suggested that eukaryotic initiation factor 5A-2 (eIF5A-2) might serve as an adverse prognostic marker of survival. We detected eIF5A-2 in NSCLC A549 cells, and found that the invasive capability correlates with the eIF5A-2 expression.

Macrophage-induced tumor angiogenesis is regulated by the TSC2-mTOR pathway.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have multifaceted roles in tumor development but they have been associated particularly closely with tumor angiogenesis. However, although the accumulation of TAM (M2 phenotype) promotes tumor angiogenesis, the mechanism through which monocytes differentiate to generate TAM is unclear. Here, we report that the mTOR pathway is a critical element in the regulation of monocyte differentiation to TAM.

HCV NS5A and NS5B enhance expression of human ceramide glucosyltransferase gene.

Host genes involved in lipid metabolism are differentially affected during the early stages of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Here we demonstrate that artificial up-regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis has a positive effect on the replication of the HCV full-length replicon when cells were treated with nystatin. Conversely, the HCV RNA replication was decreased when fatty acid biosynthesis was inhibited with 25-hydroxycholesterol and PDMP(D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol).

Correlation of Chimerism with Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease in Rats following Liver Transplantation.

The accurate diagnosis of acute graft-versus-host disease following liver transplantation (LTx-aGVHD) has been hampered. Chimerism appears in the majority of recipients after LT and its significance in the diagnosis of LTx-aGVHD has not been clearly established. To demonstrate the significance of chimerism on the diagnosis of LTx-aGVHD, we compared the change of chimerism in syngeneic LT recipients, semiallogeneic LT recipients, and LTx-aGVHD induced recipients.

Changes of sphingolipids profiles after ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat liver.

Background: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in many clinical procedures. The molecular mechanisms responsible for hepatic I/R injury however remain unknown. Sphingolipids, in particular ceramide, play a role in stress and death receptor-induced hepatocellular death, contributing to the progression of several liver diseases including liver I/R injury.

[Expression and study of the functional proteins of hepatitis C virus in CHO cell line].

Recently, the interactions between hepatitis C virus (HCV) genes and the host cell factors were the focus of this field. Cell factors in the different biochemical pathway were approved to be interfered when HCV infection. To make sure which HCV gene(s) was the major factor during the interaction process, ten eukaryotic expression plasmids containing different functional genes of HCV: Core, E1, E2, p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B were transfected into the CHO-K1 cells respectively.

[Relationship between respiration exchange ratio and muscle oxygen content measured by near-infrared spectroscopy].

Objective: To study the relationship between respiration exchange ratio (RER) and tissue oxygen content in human skeletal muscle.

Method: Using a portable tissue oximeter based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), the relative changes of skeletal muscle oxygen content were measured non-invasively and in vivo when healthy volunteers were performing an incremental intensity running protocol. The results were compared with heart rate (HR), VO2, VCO2, and RER.

[Blood oxygen and lactate concentrations in skeletal muscles during exercise].

Objective: To study the relationship between blood lactate and blood oxygenation in human skeletal muscle.

Method: Using a portable tissue oximeter based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), concentration of HbO2, blood lactate and blood volume were measured non-invasively and continuously when the subjects were doing incremental exercise on a bicycle ergometer.

Result: As the intensity of exercise was increased, blood lactate concentration, blood volume in tissue increased, while concentration of HbO2 decreased.