Comparative Efficacy of Video Games Versus Midazolam in Reducing Perioperative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Pediatric patients undergoing surgery frequently experience significant anxiety, which can result in adverse effects such as prolonged sedation and behavioral changes associated with pharmacological interventions such as oral midazolam. Video games offer a nonpharmacological distraction method that shows promise in alleviating procedural anxiety without significant adverse effects. However, the effectiveness of video games compared to midazolam in managing perioperative anxiety remains uncertain.

Hand X-rays findings and a disease screening for Turner syndrome through deep learning model.

Background: Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the important causes of short stature in girls, but there are cases of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in clinical practice. Our aim is to analyze the hand skeletal characteristics of TS patients and establish a disease screening model using deep learning.

Methods: A total of 101 pediatric patients with TS were included in this retrospective case-control study.

Therapeutic Targeting of Decr1 Ameliorates Cardiomyopathy by Suppressing Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation in Diabetic Mice.

Background: A significant increase in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is now increasingly recognized as one of the metabolic alterations in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial FAO impairment in DCM remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods: A type 2 diabetes (T2D) mouse model was established by a combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) injection.

Key Events in the Process of Sex Determination and Differentiation in Early Chicken Embryos.

Clarifying the intricate mechanisms underlying sex determination and differentiation regulation in chickens holds significant potential for advancing chicken sex control technologies. This endeavor not only augments fundamental research in developmental biology but also bolsters the economic viability of the poultry industry. Our investigation delved into the sex determination and differen-tiation molecular underpinnings of these processes during the early stages of chicken embryonic development E0 d blastocysts, E3.

Natural product Pulsatilla saponin D sensitizes BRCA-proficient ovarian cancers to PARP inhibitors through inhibiting homologous recombination repair.

Background: As a strategy in the development of effective cancer therapeutics, synthetic lethality has been used in clinical practice. Poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitors are the first approved drug utilized synthetic lethality and achieved promising therapeutic efficacy in cancer cells with BRCA1/2 mutation. Nonetheless, most cancer patients with wild-type BRCA1/2 gene are not qualified for PARPi therapy.

Fascia-derived stem cells enhance fat graft retention by promoting vascularization through the HMOX1-HIF-1α pathway.

Background: Adipose tissue is a widely used autologous soft tissue filler in plastic surgery, particularly for volumetric restoration in cases of soft tissue deficiency. However, effectively controlling the retention rate of transplanted fat remains a major challenge. Therefore, this study aims to explore strategies to enhance fat graft retention.

Exploration of Hub Genes and Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics Associated With Spinal Cord Injury in Mice.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major disabling disease. However, the complex secondary injury mechanisms make the results of treatment unsatisfactory. This study aimed to screen for key biomarkers of SCI and explore immune cell infiltration to identify novel therapeutic targets for improving neurological recovery after the injury.

Meta-analysis of endocrine-disrupting chemical effects on earthworm functional traits.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous emerging environmental contaminants. However, the comprehensive impact of EDCs on soil ecosystems, particularly on the model organism Eisenia fetida, remains inadequately understood due to disparate experimental and assessment methods. A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of EDCs on earthworm functional traits, including survival, behavior, growth, reproduction, and cellular responses.

Exploring the resilience of global vegetation ecosystem: Nonlinearity, driving forces, and management.

Vegetation resilience, characterized by the ability of vegetation to maintain stable states, is considered fundamental to ecosystems' structural and functional stability. Under the background of vegetation ecosystems being increasingly endangered by numerous disturbances, determining the nonlinear changing trend of the recovery rate of vegetation to external disturbances and its response to various forces is paramount. Herein, we quantified the global vegetation resilience and its regime shifts by measuring the lag-1 autocorrelation to the interannual kernel Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (kNDVI) from 1982 to 2020, clarified the contribution rates of driving forces on vegetation resilience variation by partial correlation analysis.

A PD-L1 siRNA-Loaded Boron Nanoparticle for Targeted Cancer Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy.

Although the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy is regarded as a promising clinical treatment strategy, numerous clinical trials have failed to demonstrate synergistic effects. One of the key reasons is that conventional radiotherapies inevitably damage intratumoral effector immune cells. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a precise radiotherapy that selectively kills tumor cells while sparing adjacent normal cells, by utilizing B agents and neutron irradiation.

Molecular evidence for goose astrovirus 2 and goose astrovirus 3 coinfection in goslings with gout.

Gosling gout is usually considered to be caused by goose astrovirus 2 (GoAstV-2); however, goose astrovirus 3 (GoAstV-3) has also been shown to play a pathogenic role in this disease. Here, we developed new assays for specific detection of goose astroviruses, including GoAstV-2- and GoAstV-3-specific reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays. These assays revealed coinfection with GoAstV-2 and GoAstV-3 in 19 (57.

A sesbania gum/γ-polyglutamic acid photo-crosslinking composite hydrogel loaded with multi-component traditional Chinese medicine extract synergizes microenvironment amelioration in infected diabetic wound healing.

The intricate physiological microenvironment of the diabetic wound characterized by overexpressed reactive oxygen species (ROS), persistent inflammation, angiogenetic dysfunction, and bacterial infection impeded the healing process. Herein, a photo-crosslinking composite hydrogel was fabricated based on the methacrylate modification of sesbania gum (SG) and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), which could trigger free radical polymerization to form interpenetrating polymer network under 365 nm UV. Meanwhile, the micronized traditional Chinese medicine Huoxue Tongluo extract (HXTL) was encapsulated into the hydrogel to prepare the wound dressing (H-SGPGA).

Hydromorphone reduced the incidence of emergence agitation after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized, double-blind study.

Purpose: Emergence agitation (EA) after (adeno)tonsillectomy (AT) surgery impairs recovery in children. Adequate analgesia plays a crucial role in reducing EA incidence. This study investigated whether hydromorphone infusion (30 μg/kg) during anesthesia induction could reduce EA following AT surgery for obstructive sleep apnea in children.

Long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic surgery versus small bone window craniotomy for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic surgery (ES) and small bone window craniotomy (SBWC) are commonly used methods for hematoma removal in cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, their long-term efficacy and safety remain uncertain.

Methods: A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to June 30, 2024.

A visual cortical-lateral posterior thalamic nucleus circuit regulates depressive-like behaviors in male mice.

Depression, a prevalent psychiatric disorder of ambiguous etiology and high heterogeneity, has been recently linked to the primary visual cortex (V1). However, the precise circuits mediating the impact of V1 on depressive-like behaviors are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the V1, specifically the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus (LP)-projecting V1 glutamatergic subpopulation (Glu neurons), shows reduced activity after chronic restraint stress (CRS) in male mice, leading to depressive-like behaviors.

Sodium pump subunit NKAα1 protects against diabetic endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting ferroptosis through the autophagy-lysosome degradation of ACSL4.

The sodium pump Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), an enzyme ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and cells, is a critical player in maintaining cellular ion homeostasis. Dysregulation of α1 subunit of NKA (NKAα1) has been associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, yet the exact role of NKAα1 in diabetes-induced endothelial malfunction remains incompletely understood. The NKAα1 expression and NKA activity were examined in high-glucose (HG)-exposed endothelial cells (ECs) and mouse aortae, as well as in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice.

Unveiling the Promotion of Sulfides Heterostructure on the Urea Oxidation Reaction: Role of Interface Engineering and Sulfate Adsorption.

The pursuit of efficient and stable urea oxidation reaction (UOR) electrocatalysts is paramount for the sustainable utilization of renewable energy sources and the treatment of wastewater with urea content. This research introduces the successful fabrication of (FeNi)S/CoS/NF mesh heterojunction materials, which are replete with interfaces that facilitate enhanced catalytic activity. Benefiting from the electron transfer behavior from (FeNi)S to CoS, and the promotion of surface adsorption of SO , the (FeNi)S/CoS/NF electrocatalyst has excellent UOR catalytic performance.

A BRAF-activated noncoding RNA attenuates clear cell renal cell carcinoma via repression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a disease rooted in metabolic disorders, distinguished by abnormally high activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). G6PD serves as a key rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. Meanwhile, BRAF-activated noncoding RNA (BANCR) has emerged as a crucial regulatory factor linked to various cancers.

Modulating the elasticity of milk exosome-based hybrid vesicles to optimize transepithelial transport and enhance oral peptide delivery.

To address challenges such as limited loading capacity, restricted targeting precision, and low yield of natural exosomes as drug carriers, the fusion of liposomes and exosomes to create hybrid vesicles has emerged as a viable solution approach. While current research mainly focuses on designing functionalized liposomes, less attention is given to how liposome membrane materials affect the elasticity of these hybrids and their delivery efficiency. This study utilized milk exosomes (mExos) as model exosomes, and generated hybrid vesicles with varying elasticity through the fusion of phospholipids with differing chain lengths, examining the disparities among various hybrid vesicles in their ability to overcoming the gastrointestinal barriers.

HMPL-306 in relapsed or refractory IDH1- and/or IDH2-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: A phase 1 study.

Background: HMPL-306 has equally high inhibitory activity against mutated isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (mIDH1/2).

Methods: This first-in-human, phase 1 dose-escalation/dose-expansion study (this study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04272957) enrolled patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring mIDH1 and/or mIDH2.

Effects of natural products on macrophage immunometabolism: A new frontier in the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Immunometabolic variations in macrophages critically influence their differentiation into pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, thereby contributing to immune homeostasis, defense against infection, and tissue repair. Dysregulation of macrophage immunometabolism has been closely implicated in several metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hypertension, atherosclerosis, and gout, which positions macrophages as potential therapeutic targets. Recently, several natural products that target macrophage metabolic pathways have shown significant efficacy in managing metabolic diseases; however, a systematic review of these findings has yet to be conducted.

Concentration-dependent interactive toxicity of cadmium and mercury: Non-negligible effects on phytoremediation by indigenous Artemisia lavandulaefolia.

The indigenous species Artemisia lavandulaefolia, widespread in areas co-contaminated with Cd and Hg, has the potential for phytoremediation. However, the mechanisms that underlie these plants' resistance to combined Hg and Cd stress are unelucidated. The influence of the dosage of one metal on another has also not been adequately quantified.

Chinese and western medicine treatment of myocardial fibrosis drugs.

Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a common pathological manifestation of many cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, and sudden cardiac death. It is characterized by excessive proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, transformation into myofibroblasts, and, eventually, excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix, resulting in heart damage. Currently, modern drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, and β-blockers can improve myocardial fibrosis in clinical treatment, but their therapeutic effect on this disease is limited, with obvious side effects and high cost.

Association between ethylene oxide exposure and cognitive function in older adults from NHANES data.

Ethylene Oxide (EO), a volatile organic compound, has garnered considerable attention for its potential impact on human health. Yet, the ramifications of EO exposure on the cognitive functionality of the elderly remain unclear. The aim of this study is to determine whether EO exposure in the elderly correlates with cognitive function.

The SlWRKY42-SlMYC2 module synergistically enhances tomato saline-alkali tolerance by activating the jasmonic acid signaling and spermidine biosynthesis pathway.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important crop but frequently experiences saline-alkali stress. Our previous studies have shown that exogenous spermidine (Spd) could significantly enhance the saline-alkali resistance of tomato seedlings, in which a high concentration of Spd and jasmonic acid (JA) exerted important roles. However, the mechanism of Spd and JA accumulation remains unclear.