Multi-modal networks for real-time monitoring of intracranial acoustic field during transcranial focused ultrasound therapy.

Background And Objective: Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging non-invasive therapeutic technology that offers new brain stimulation modality. Precise localization of the acoustic focus to the desired brain target throughout the procedure is needed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the treatment, but acoustic distortion caused by the skull poses a challenge. Although computational methods can provide the estimated location and shape of the focus, the computation has not reached sufficient speed for real-time inference, which is demanded in real-world clinical situations.

Biomechanical analysis of alveolar bones with compromised quality supporting a 4-unit implant bridge; a possible association with implant-related sequestration (IRS).

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the strain in the bone surrounding dental implants supporting a 4-unit bridge and assess the role of excessive strain as a possible risk factor for implant related sequestration (IRS) or peri-implant medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (PI-MRONJ).

Materials And Methods: A 3D-mandibular model was constructed using computed tomography and segmented it into cortical and cancellous bones. The 4-unit implant-supported bridges replacing the mandibular posteriors were constructed, and each featuring two, three, and four implants, respectively.

Deep Neural Network for Navigation of a Single-Element Transducer During Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Therapy: Proof of Concept.

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has gained attention in the field of brain stimulation owing to its non-invasive neurotherapeutic potentials. However, complex interactions between acoustic waves and the cranium may introduce misalignment of the acoustic focus from a geometric target location, thus, necessitate on-site feedback of real-time navigational information of the transducer (spatial coordinates and angular orientation) for the operators to accurately place the acoustic focus to the desired brain area. In this study, we propose a deep-learning-based network model that can provide spatial navigational information of a single-element FUS transducer with respect to the targeted brain region.

Effects of assessing the bone remodeling process in biomechanical finite element stability evaluations of dental implants.

Background And Objective: While an accurate assessment of the biomechanical stability of implants is essential in dental prosthesis planning and associated treatment assurance, the bone remodeling process is often ignored in biomechanical studies using finite element (FE) analysis. In this study, we aimed to analyze the significance of assessing the bone remodeling process in FE analysis for evaluating the biomechanical stability of dental implants. We compared the FE results considering the bone remodeling process with FE results simulated using commonly used conditions, with no considerations of the bone remodeling process.

Automated vector analysis to design implant-supported prostheses: A dental technique.

The prosthesis loading force is an important factor for dental implant survival. Even if adequate osseointegration of the dental implant has been achieved, if the occlusal forces are not correctly distributed, lateral torque can be generated causing high stress on surrounding tissues. The stress value of implant prostheses could be different whether the direction of load is vertical or oblique, affected by the shape of the occlusal surface.

Effects of implant diameter, implant-abutment connection type, and bone density on the biomechanical stability of implant components and bone: A finite element analysis study.

Statement Of Problem: Various kinds of implants of different diameters and connection types are used for patients with a range of bone densities and tooth sizes. However, comprehensive studies simultaneously analyzing the biomechanical effects of different diameters, connection types, and bone densities are scarce.

Purpose: The purpose of this 3-dimensional finite element analysis study was to evaluate the stress and strain distribution on implants, abutments, and surrounding bones depending on different diameters, connection types, and bone densities.

Biomechanical effects of dental implant diameter, connection type, and bone density on microgap formation and fatigue failure: A finite element analysis.

Background And Objective: Understanding fatigue failure and microgap formation in dental implants, abutments, and screws under various clinical circumstances is clinically meaningful. In this study, these aspects were evaluated based on implant diameter, connection type, and bone density.

Methods: Twelve three-dimensional finite element models were constructed by combining two bone densities (low and high), two connection types (bone and tissue levels), and three implant diameters (3.

Biomechanical stress and microgap analysis of bone-level and tissue-level implant abutment structure according to the five different directions of occlusal loads.

Purpose: The stress distribution and microgap formation on an implant abutment structure was evaluated to determine the relationship between the direction of the load and the stress value.

Materials And Methods: Two types of three-dimensional models for the mandibular first molar were designed: bone-level implant and tissue-level implant. Each group consisted of an implant, surrounding bone, abutment, screw, and crown.

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Peri-implant Soft Tissue When Tapered Implants Are Placed: Pilot Study with Implants Placed Immediately or Early Following Tooth Extraction.

Purpose: This study examined a new 3D volumetric analysis method for the assessment of baseline-to-12-month changes of the soft tissue volume at early and immediately placed tapered implants after loading with ceramic single crowns.

Materials And Methods: Eligible patients with one incisor, canine, or premolar to be extracted were included. The patients were divided randomly into early-placement or immediate-placement groups.

Effects of cementless fixation of implant prosthesis: A finite element study.

Purpose: A novel retentive type of implant prosthesis that does not require the use of cement or screw holes has been introduced; however, there are few reports examining the biomechanical aspects of this novel implant. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical features of cementless fixation (CLF) implant prostheses.

Materials And Methods: The test groups of three variations of CLF implant prostheses and a control group of conventional cement-retained (CR) prosthesis were designed three-dimensionally for finite element analysis.

Designing a mandibular advancement device with topology optimization for a partially edentulous patient.

Statement Of Problem: Patients with partial tooth loss treated with implant-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs) have difficulty using conventional mandibular advancement devices (MADs) because of the risk of side effects. Also, which design factors affect biomechanical stability when designing MADs with better stability is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this finite element (FE) analysis study was to analyze the effect of the MAD design on biomechanical behavior and to propose a new design process for improving the stability of MADs.

Biomechanical analysis of 4 types of short dental implants in a resorbed mandible.

Statement Of Problem: Short implants have been increasingly used in the aging society. However, studies which explain the difference of stress distribution according to different connections in short implant treatment are scarce.

Purpose: The purpose of this finite element (FE) analysis was to evaluate the stress and strain distribution of short implants and surrounding bone under static and cyclic loading conditions with 4 different connections.

Which plate results in better stability after segmental mandibular resection and fibula free flap reconstruction? Biomechanical analysis.

Objective: This study investigated the biomechanical stability of 2 plate systems-mini-plates and reconstruction plates-in reconstruction with fibular free flaps.

Study Design: The reconstruction models were constructed by using 2 types of plates in representative cases with segmental mandibular defect (C, L, LC1, LC2). In each model, a masticatory simulation approximating 3 clenching tasks was conducted, using the muscle forces adjusted to the mandible structure used in this study.

Biomechanical effect of mandibular advancement device with different protrusion positions for treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea on tooth and facial bone: A finite element study.

Background: The mandibular advancement device (MAD) is widely used for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) treatment, and several studies have demonstrated its effectiveness. However, no comprehensive studies have yet examined the biomechanical safety of the MAD.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyse the biomechanical effect of different protrusion positions of a MAD on the teeth and facial bones.

Effects of moderate intensity static magnetic fields on osteoclastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow cells.

Although we recently demonstrated that static magnetic fields (SMFs) of 3, 15, and 50 mT stimulate osteoblastic differentiation, the effects of SMFs on osteoclastogenesis are still poorly understood. This study focused on the suppressive effects of SMFs on receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Direct SMFs inhibit RANKL-induced multinucleated osteoclast formation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, and bone resorption in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage cells.

Stability of the permanently bent plates used in mandibular reconstructive surgery.

In mandibular reconstructive surgery, straight surgical plates are predominantly used for osteotomy. In this process, a straight plate is bent to fit to the shape of the patient's defect. This potentially compromises the stability of the plate because of changes in mechanical properties resulting from plastic deformation; however, the effect of plastic deformation on stability has yet been investigated.