Abdominal Aortic and Junctional Tourniquet release after 240 minutes is survivable and associated with small intestine and liver ischemia after porcine class II hemorrhage.

Background: Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of tactical trauma-related deaths. Hemorrhage from the pelvis and junctional regions are particularly difficult to control due to the inability of focal compression. The Abdominal Aortic and Junctional Tourniquet (AAJT) occludes aortic blood flow by compression of the abdomen.

Inter-filament spacing mediates calcium binding to troponin: A simple geometric-mechanistic model explains the shift of force-length maxima with muscle activation.

The maximum of a muscle fiber's force-length curve (FLC) shifts to shorter lengths as muscle activation increases. State-of-the-art muscle models cannot explain the mechanistic basis for this shift, which is therefore either omitted or added ad hoc in a descriptive manner. A more theoretical approach developed by Hatze, who had particularly modeled the process of muscle activation, does predict this shift but can be shown to consist of multiple mathematical attempts that are all inconsistent with their common assertion: to represent local volume constancy.

Patterns of non-ARD variation in more than 300 full-length HLA-DPB1 alleles.

Our understanding of sequence variation in the HLA-DPB1 gene is largely restricted to the hypervariable antigen recognition domain (ARD) encoded by exon 2. Here, we employed a redundant sequencing strategy combining long-read and short-read data to accurately phase and characterise in full length the majority of common and well-documented (CWD) DPB1 alleles as well as alleles with an observed frequency of at least 0.0006% in our predominantly European sample set.

On Laterally Perturbed Human Stance: Experiment, Model, and Control.

Understanding human balance is a key issue in many research areas. One goal is to suggest analytical models for the human balance. Specifically, we are interested in the stability of a subject when a lateral perturbation is being applied.

No Medication for My Child! A Naturalistic Study on the Treatment Preferences for and Effects of Cogmed Working Memory Training Versus Psychostimulant Medication in Clinically Referred Youth with ADHD.

In this naturalistic clinical study, we explored the applicability and clinical effectiveness of Cogmed WMT, pharmacotherapy, and their combination for clinically referred children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ninety youth with ADHD (ages 6-16 years) and their parents were offered the possibility to choose one of the three interventions. The motives for choosing various interventions were quite different.

MRI-Guided Thrombolysis for Stroke with Unknown Time of Onset.

Background: Under current guidelines, intravenous thrombolysis is used to treat acute stroke only if it can be ascertained that the time since the onset of symptoms was less than 4.5 hours. We sought to determine whether patients with stroke with an unknown time of onset and features suggesting recent cerebral infarction on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would benefit from thrombolysis with the use of intravenous alteplase.

Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress Is Determined by Genetic Background in Neuronal Cell Cultures.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to a deleterious and multifactorial secondary inflammatory response in the brain. Oxidative stress from the inflammation likely contributes to the brain damage although it is unclear to which extent. A largely unexplored approach is to consider phenotypic regulation of oxidative stress levels.

An opioid dispensing and misuse prevention algorithm for community pharmacy practice.

Background: Prescription opioid abuse has rapidly increased in recent years and is now considered a national epidemic by the United States government. Community pharmacies are at the forefront of opioid abuse, given their role in dispensing opioid prescriptions. Despite this role, however, there are few known guidelines to help community pharmacists navigate the process of detecting and managing prescription opioid abuse.

Arterial Spin Labeling Cerebral Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Migraine Aura: An Observational Study.

Background: Changes in cerebral perfusion during migraine with aura (MA) have been assessed mainly using dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. A contrast agent-free method to assess these changes would be desirable. We assessed changes in cerebral perfusion during MA using arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging.

Agressive pediatric myofibromatosis in a two-year-old child.

Introduction: Aggressive paediatric myofibromatosis is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by fibroblastic proliferation from cells originated in muscle-aponeurotic tissue. Its etiology is unknown, and the average age of the reported cases is 7 years old. The tumor exhibits rapid painless growth and appears attached to muscle tissue and/or bone.

Breast metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: a case report.

Background: Breast metastases from extramammary tumors are extremely rare, the most common primary tumors being contralateral breast carcinoma, followed by lung, gynecological, gastrointestinal, melanoma, and hematological cancers. Only a few cases deriving from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been reported in the literature to date.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 47-year-old Caucasian woman who presented to our hospital with a solitary breast lesion in the right upper external quadrant associated with multiple bone and visceral metastases.

Corrigendum to "Comparative Sensitivity Analysis of Muscle Activation Dynamics".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/585409.].

Using simultaneous PET/MRI to compare the accuracy of diagnosing frontotemporal dementia by arterial spin labelling MRI and FDG-PET.

Purpose: The clinical utility of FDG-PET in diagnosing frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has been well demonstrated over the past decades. On the contrary, the diagnostic value of arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI - a relatively new technique - in clinical diagnosis of FTD has yet to be confirmed. Using simultaneous PET/MRI, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of ASL in identifying pathological abnormalities in FTD (FTD) to determine whether ASL can provide similar diagnostic value as FDG-PET.

Strain in shock-loaded skeletal muscle and the time scale of muscular wobbling mass dynamics.

In terrestrial locomotion, muscles undergo damped oscillations in response to limb impacts with the ground. Muscles are also actuators that generate mechanical power to allow locomotion. The corresponding elementary contractile process is the work stroke of an actin-myosin cross-bridge, which may be forcibly detached by superposed oscillations.

Does this range suit me? Range satisfaction of battery electric vehicle users.

User satisfaction is a vital design criterion for sustainable systems. The present research aimed to understand factors relating to individually perceived range satisfaction of battery electric vehicle (BEV) users. Data from a large-scale BEV field trial (N = 72) were analyzed.

Hill equation and Hatze's muscle activation dynamics complement each other: enhanced pharmacological and physiological interpretability of modelled activity-pCa curves.

In pharmacology, particularly receptor theory, the drug dose-effect relation of bio-active substances is frequently described by a sigmoidal function formulated by A.V. Hill.

A focused ultrasound treatment system for moving targets (part I): generic system design and in-silico first-stage evaluation.

Background: Focused ultrasound (FUS) is entering clinical routine as a treatment option. Currently, no clinically available FUS treatment system features automated respiratory motion compensation. The required quality standards make developing such a system challenging.

A 3D musculoskeletal model of the western lowland gorilla hind limb: moment arms and torque of the hip, knee and ankle.

Three-dimensional musculoskeletal models have become increasingly common for investigating muscle moment arms in studies of vertebrate locomotion. In this study we present the first musculoskeletal model of a western lowland gorilla hind limb. Moment arms of individual muscles around the hip, knee and ankle were compared with previously published data derived from the experimental tendon travel method.

Trisubstituted Pyridinylimidazoles as Potent Inhibitors of the Clinically Resistant L858R/T790M/C797S EGFR Mutant: Targeting of Both Hydrophobic Regions and the Phosphate Binding Site.

Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor represents one of the most promising strategies in the treatment of lung cancer. Acquired resistance compromises the clinical efficacy of EGFR inhibitors during long-term treatment. The recently discovered EGFR-C797S mutation causes resistance against third-generation EGFR inhibitors.

Trisubstituted Imidazoles with a Rigidized Hinge Binding Motif Act As Single Digit nM Inhibitors of Clinically Relevant EGFR L858R/T790M and L858R/T790M/C797S Mutants: An Example of Target Hopping.

The high genomic instability of non-small cell lung cancer tumors leads to the rapid development of resistance against promising EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). A recently detected triple mutation compromises the activity of the gold standard third-generation EGFR inhibitors. We have prepared a set of trisubstituted imidazoles with a rigidized 7-azaindole hinge binding motif as a new structural class of EGFR inhibitors by a target hopping approach from p38α MAPK inhibitor templates.

Erratum: Refractive Index of Silicon at γ Ray Energies [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 184802 (2012)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.

Corrigendum to "Extracting Low-Velocity Concentric and Eccentric Dynamic Muscle Properties from Isometric Contraction Experiments" Mathematical Biosciences 278 (2016) 77-93.

We provide corrections to our paper "Extracting Low-Velocity Concentric and Eccentric Dynamic Muscle Properties from Isometric Contraction Experiments, Mathematical Biosciences 278 (2016), p. 77-93", where we used an erroneous form of Hatze's activation dynamics. The statements of the paper still hold true in general, even though the numerical values of Tables 1, 2, and 3 slightly vary.

The influence of biophysical muscle properties on simulating fast human arm movements.

Computational modeling provides a framework to understand human movement control. For this approach, physiologically motivated and experimentally validated models are required to predict the dynamic interplay of the neuronal controller with the musculoskeletal biophysics. Previous studies show, that an adequate model of arm movements should consider muscle fiber contraction dynamics, parallel and serial elasticities, and activation dynamics.

Influence of sunflower seed oil or baby lotion on the skin barrier function of newborns: A pilot study.

Background: Skin care influences skin barrier function during the first postnatal weeks. Although the use of natural oils in preterms has been investigated, there are currently no data comparing the effect of sunflower oil to an emollient on barrier development in healthy term newborns.

Methods: In a prospective, randomized clinical study, 50 healthy full-term newborns aged ≤72 h were randomly assigned to two groups: group baby lotion (L, n=22) and sunflower seed oil (SSO, n=24).

Adaptation to life in aeolian sand: how the sandfish lizard, Scincus scincus, prevents sand particles from entering its lungs.

The sandfish lizard, Scincus scincus (Squamata: Scincidae), spends nearly its whole life in aeolian sand and only comes to the surface for foraging, defecating and mating. It is not yet understood how the animal can respire without sand particles entering its respiratory organs when buried under thick layers of sand. In this work, we integrated biological studies, computational calculations and physical experiments to understand this phenomenon.