Serum Uromodulin in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Controls: Its Potential Role in Kidney Health.

Introduction: Uromodulin is a kidney-specific tubular protein, and its assessment in serum (sUMOD) reveals the potential as a novel marker for function and the integrity of renal parenchymal cells and does not directly depend on the glomerular filtration rate. Early diabetic nephropathy parallels glomerular hyperfiltration, often leading to diagnostic misinterpretation. Moreover, traditional kidney function markers are not able to diagnose structural lesions.

[Quality of Blood Pressure Control in General Practice Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring - a Retrospective Monocentric Cross-Sectional Study].

Introduction:  The diagnosis and therapy of arterial hypertension is a continuous challenge in general practice. The aim of this study is to analyze the nature and effectiveness of blood pressure control in patients with known arterial hypertension in a primary care practice using office- (OBPM) and ambulatory (ABPM) blood pressure measurement.

Methods:  283 patients (90 % of all regularly treated patients having hypertension) were retrospectively examined for the achievement of the target blood pressure values in ABPM and OBPM in the past 1 to 2 years.

Predictors and determinants for weight reduction in overweight and obese children and adolescents.

Introduction: Worldwide, overweight and obesity are known as posing serious health risks. Successful methods for weight reduction have remained elusive. This multicenter non-randomised trial aimed to identify parameters and determinants of long-term weight reduction.

Identification of Predictors for Weight Reduction in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity (IDA-Insel Survey).

Introduction: Worldwide, overweight and obesity are known as posing serious health risks. Successful methods of prevention and therapy for overweight and obesity have remained elusive. It was the aim of the present trial to identify parameters and determinants to guarantee long-term weight reduction.

Plasma copeptin in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in comparison to healthy controls.

Unlabelled: In a cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus the trial tested the hypothesis that copeptin levels are associated with kidney function, biometrical data and quality of diabetes control.

Patients And Methods: A total of 141 subjects were recruited to participate in the trial: 80 patients with type 1 diabetes (13.0±3.

Advanced glycation end products and β(2)-microglobulin as predictors of carpal tunnel syndrome in hemodialysis patients.

Background/aims: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common clinical presentation of dialysis-related amyloidosis. It was determined whether β(2)-microglobulin (β2M) and advanced glycation end products in serum are predictors of CTS in dialysis patients.

Methods: A total of 385 hemodialysis patients were screened for CTS.

Vitamin B6 metabolism in chronic kidney disease--relation to transsulfuration, advanced glycation and cardiovascular disease.

Background: Vitamin deficiency is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data on B(6) supply and possible relationships to cardiovascular events (CVE) in CKD are rare. Pyridoxamine exerts inhibitory effects on the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) implicated in the pathogenesis of CKD and atherosclerosis.

Retinal vessel response to flicker light in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity.

Unlabelled: It was the goal of the trial to assess cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus or overweight/obesity. All children and adolescents (n=77 [n=45 patients with diabetes mellitus, n=32 patients with overweight/obesity]) admitted to our hospital during the period from 01/07 to 31/08/2006 were included in the trial. Socio-demographic and laboratory data (age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI, BMI-SDS, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, oGTT in patients with overweight/obesity, lipids, CRP, TSH, creatinine, and microalbuminuria) were assessed.

Serum levels of the advanced glycation end products Nepsilon-carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine are not influenced by treatment with the angiotensin receptor II type 1 blocker irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and hypertension.

Background/aims: The aim of this post-hoc analysis of a prospective study in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy was to investigate whether treatment with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker irbesartan leads to a reduction in the serum levels of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) pentosidine and N(epsilon)-carboxymethyllysine (CML).

Methods: One hundred and ninety-six patients of the Irbesartan in Diabetic Nephropathy Trial cohort (mean age 61 +/- 6.5 years, 62 female, 134 male) with a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate of 47.

Long-term treatment of obese children and adolescents using a telemedicine support programme.

A total of 140 obese patients (mean age 14 years) participated in a structured treatment and teaching programme (STTP) in hospital, with the aim of weight reduction. At both the start and finish of the STTP, patients underwent clinical and psychological examination. During an average hospital stay of 35 days, their mean bodyweight decreased from 82.

Increased binding of beta-2-microglobulin to blood cells in dialysis patients treated with high-flux dialyzers compared with low-flux membranes contributed to reduced beta-2-microglobulin concentrations. Results of a cross-over study.

Background: Patients on long-term dialysis eventually develop amyloid deposits with beta2-microglobulin as a predominant component. Although several studies have suggested that high-flux membranes reduce beta2-microglobulin in plasma compared with low-flux dialyzers, the mechanisms underlying this observation are still discussed.

Methods: We revisited this important subject and measured beta2-microglobulin in the plasma of healthy individuals (n = 8), and patients undergoing hemodialysis (n = 20) who for assigned periods of time were either treated with a low-flux membrane (cuprophan) or high-flux (polyamide) dialyzer with an ELISA.

Analysis of glycoproteins in human serum by means of glycospecific magnetic bead separation and LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis with automated glycopeptide detection.

Comprehensive proteomic analyses require efficient and selective pre-fractionation to facilitate analysis of post-translationally modified peptides and proteins, and automated analysis workflows enabling the detection, identification, and structural characterization of the corresponding peptide modifications. Human serum contains a high number of glycoproteins, comprising several orders of magnitude in concentration. Thereby, isolation and subsequent identification of low-abundant glycoproteins from serum is a challenging task.

Trends in the management of arterial hypertension in patients with type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus over a period of 10 years (1989/1990-1994/1995). Results of the JEVIN trial.

Unlabelled: For populations of patients with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, information about the quality of blood pressure control, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, is widely lacking. Hence, it was the goal of the trial to evaluate the prevalence of arterial hypertension, the quality of blood pressure control and changes in treatment modalities over a period of 10 years.

Patients And Methods: In 1989/1990, Jena's St.

Renal Angiotensin receptor type 1 and 2 upregulation in intrauterine growth restriction of newborn piglets.

Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with abnormalities in kidney development which is thought to be linked with alterations causing adult cardiovascular diseases. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the development of renal vascular and tubular structures, and is known to be altered by experimentally induced IUGR. These experimental models of IGUR have been criticized because they may have a more severe impact on intrauterine development than that which is normally encountered in humans.

Suitability of 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NX) for the induction of interstitial renal fibrosis in rats--influence of sex, strain, and surgical procedure.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a serious clinical problem and currently there are no adequate therapeutic strategies for treatment. Many possible treatment strategies have been tested in rats with CRF induced by subtotal nephrectomy. However, reports in the literature concerning the consequences of this procedure on rat kidney function are contradictory.

On-line haemodiafiltration versus haemodialysis: stable haematocrit with less erythropoietin and improvement of other relevant blood parameters.

Background: Controlled randomised studies to prove improved cardiovascular stability and improved anaemia management during on-line haemodiafiltration (oHDF) are scarce.

Methods: 70 patients were treated with both haemodialysis (HD) and oHDF in a cross-over design during 2 x 24 weeks at a dialysis dose of eKt/V> or =1.2.

Advanced glycation end products and the kidney.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of protein and lipids to which sugar residues are covalently bound. AGE formation is increased in situations with hyperglycemia (e.g.

Specific measurement of PTH (1-84) in various forms of renal osteodystrophy (ROD) as assessed by bone histomorphometry.

Background: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurements serve as a noninvasive, diagnostic tool for the assessment of renal osteodystrophy (ROD). Their value has been questioned following reports indicating that all commercially available intact PTH (I-PTH) assays cross-react with amino terminally truncated PTH fragments. Because these fragments can account for 50% of total PTH, their detection will overestimate the true PTH concentration and may lead to diagnostic inaccuracies.

[Costs of therapy of insulin-treated patients with Diabetes mellitus in Germany. Results of the JEVIN trial].

Background And Purpose: Diabetes mellitus, its treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin, self-monitoring and the development of diabetesrelated long-term complications raise multiple socioeconomic problems. Hence, diabetes is one of the major challenges to modern health care systems. To date, there are only few data analyzing diabetes-related costs.

Advanced glycation end products: a possible link to angiotensin in an animal model.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been associated with progressive vascular and renal damage in a variety of pathological conditions such as renal failure and diabetes mellitus. The formation of AGEs is generally attributed to increased oxidative and carbonyl stress or hyperglycemia. Activation of the cellular receptor of AGE (RAGE) leads to subsequent cellular activation and proinflammatory responses.

Smelling renal dysfunction via electronic nose.

The human body odor plays an important role in social communication in various situations, like the olfactory identification of partners and relatives as well as in parents-child interactions. In patients with renal dysfunction the compound of sweat and volatile gases is changed because of the limited ability for removing metabolic products from the blood. The regulation of electrolyte composition and acid-base balance are also altered so that the body odor of these patients may be significantly influenced by these disorders.

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus: risk factors, frequency of transplant rejections, and long-term prognosis.

Background: Estimates of the incidence of new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation vary between 2% and 54%. It was the aim of the present trial to study the prevalence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (DM), the risk factors, the frequency of transplant rejections, and the long-term prognosis.

Methods: We studied all consecutive patients with endstage renal disease, but without DM who received kidney transplantation at our center since 1992 (n = 253; age, 52.

Long-term prognosis of patients after kidney transplantation: a comparison of those with or without diabetes mellitus.

Background: Compared with non-diabetic subjects, patients with type 2 diabetes and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have seldom been selected for renal transplantation. It was the aim of this study to compare the long-term prognoses of the two groups of patients after transplantation and to identify factors associated with allograft rejection.

Methods: In a retrospective analysis, we studied all 333 consecutive patients who received a kidney transplant at our centre since 1992.