Factors Influencing Medication Adherence in Heart Failure Patients-A Survey among Cardiac Healthcare Providers.

Adhering to medication regimens is key behavior to alleviate symptoms and slow disease progression in heart failure (HF). This study explores cardiac healthcare providers' perceptions and experiences of factors influencing medication adherence (MA) in HF patients, with findings contributing to developing a HF-specific MA assessment scale. Using a cross-sectional, mixed methods design, we conducted an online survey with both closed and open-ended questions distributed to cardiac healthcare providers, working at the National University Hospital in Iceland.

Sexual function and fertility in young female adults surgically treated for anorectal malformations.

Purpose: The aim was to investigate sexual function and fertility in female adults operated on for anorectal malformations (ARM).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study including female adult patients treated for ARM at our institution between 1994 and 2003. Sexual function in females was assessed using the Profile of Sexual Function (PFSF).

National centralization of Hirschsprung's disease in Sweden: a comparison of postoperative outcome.

Background: In Sweden, surgical treatment of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) was centralized from four to two pediatric surgery centers 1st of July 2018. In adults, centralization of surgical care for complex or rare diseases seems to improve quality of care. There is little evidence supporting centralization of pediatric surgical care.

Bowel function, urinary tract function, and health-related quality of life in males with anorectal malformations.

Purpose: There is a knowledge gap regarding long-term outcomes for males undergoing surgery for an anorectal malformation (ARM). The purpose of this study was to investigate bowel function, bladder function, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in male patients with an anorectal malformation.

Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included males treated for ARM at our institution between 1994 and 2017.

National Centralization of Hirschsprung's Disease in Sweden:A Comparison of Preoperative Management and Outcomes.

Background: Surgical treatment of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) in Sweden was centralized to two tertiary pediatric surgery centers 1st of July 2018. Although complex surgical care in adults seems to benefit from centralization there is little evidence to support centralization of pediatric surgical care. The aim of this study was to assess centralization of HSCR in Sweden, with special consideration to preoperative management and outcomes in this group of patients.

Understanding Sorption of Aqueous Electrolytes in Porous Carbon by NMR Spectroscopy.

Ion adsorption at solid-water interfaces is crucial for many electrochemical processes involving aqueous electrolytes including energy storage, electrochemical separations, and electrocatalysis. However, the impact of the hydronium (HO) and hydroxide (OH) ions on the ion adsorption and surface charge distributions remains poorly understood. Many fundamental studies of supercapacitors focus on non-aqueous electrolytes to avoid addressing the role of functional groups and electrolyte pH in altering ion uptake.

Functional and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes into Adulthood for Females Surgically Treated for Anorectal Malformation.

Background: Controlled outcomes into adulthood for females with anorectal malformation (ARM) are still scantily studied. The primary aim was to investigate bowel function, bladder function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in females operated for ARM.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based observational study was performed including females treated for ARM at our institution between 1994 and 2017.

[Perinatal outcomes of preterm births occuring to native-born and migrant mothers in Iceland].

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and perinatal outcomes of preterm births in Iceland during 1997-2018 and compare outcomes of Icelandic and migrant mothers.

Methods: The population in this historical population-based cohort study was all preterm (p<37 weeks gestation) live-born singletons born in Iceland from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2018 and their mothers; a total of 3837 births. Data was obtained from the Icelandic Medical Birth Registry.

Insights into soft short circuit-based degradation of lithium metal batteries.

The demand for electric vehicles with extended ranges has created a renaissance of interest in replacing the common metal-ion with higher energy-density metal-anode batteries. However, the potential battery safety issues associated with lithium metal must be addressed to enable lithium metal battery chemistries. A considerable performance gap between lithium (Li) symmetric cells and practical Li batteries motivated us to explore the correlation between the shape of voltage traces and degradation.

Fertility in patients with Hirschsprung's disease: population-based cohort study.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess fertility in patients treated for Hirschsprung's disease.

Methods: This was a nationwide, population-based cohort study, including all patients with Hirschsprung's disease registered in the Swedish National Patient Register between 1964 and 2004. Five age- and sex-matched controls per patient were randomly selected by Statistics Sweden.

[Invasive infections of Bacillus species in Iceland, 2006-2018].

Introduction: The bacterial genus Bacillus is widely distributed environmentally and is usually considered a low-virulence organism, except for B. anthracis. A blood culture positive for Bacillus is often looked at as contamination.

Potentiometric MRI of a Superconcentrated Lithium Electrolyte: Testing the Irreversible Thermodynamics Approach.

Superconcentrated electrolytes, being highly thermodynamically nonideal, provide a stringent proving ground for continuum transport theories. Herein, we test an ostensibly complete model of LiPF in ethyl-methyl carbonate (EMC) based on the Onsager-Stefan-Maxwell theory from irreversible thermodynamics. We perform synchronous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and chronopotentiometry to examine how superconcentrated LiPF:EMC responds to galvanostatic polarization and open-circuit relaxation.

Attention deficit hyperactivity and autism spectrum disorders in patients with anorectal malformations.

Aim: To assess the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in patients with anorectal malformations compared to controls.

Methods: This was a population-based cohort study including all patients born in Sweden 1997-2012 with anorectal malformation in the Swedish National Patient Register and five matched controls per patient. Anorectal malformation was the exposure.

Toward an Understanding of SEI Formation and Lithium Plating on Copper in Anode-Free Batteries.

"Anode-free" batteries present a significant advantage due to their substantially higher energy density and ease of assembly in a dry air atmosphere. However, issues involving lithium dendrite growth and low cycling Coulombic efficiencies during operation remain to be solved. Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on Cu and its effect on Li plating are studied here to understand the interplay between the Cu current collector surface chemistry and plated Li morphology.

Noninvasive NMR Study of "Dead Lithium" Formation and Lithium Corrosion in Full-Cell Lithium Metal Batteries.

Capacity retention in lithium metal batteries needs to be improved if they are to be commercially viable, the low cycling stability and Li corrosion during storage of lithium metal batteries being even more problematic when there is no excess lithium in the cell. Herein, we develop NMR metrology to study "anode-free" lithium metal batteries where lithium is plated directly onto a bare copper current collector from a LiFePO cathode. The methodology allows inactive or "dead lithium" formation during plating and stripping of lithium in a full-cell lithium metal battery to be tracked: dead lithium and SEI formation can be quantified by NMR and their relative rates of formation are here compared in carbonate and ether-electrolytes.

Anorectal Malformations and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer-Is Early Routine Endoscopic Screening Indicated?

Introduction:  Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported in early adulthood in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM), and therefore, the need of endoscopic controls has been discussed. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of CRC in patients with ARM.

Materials And Methods:  This was a nationwide population-based study with data from Swedish national health care registers.

Selective NMR observation of the SEI-metal interface by dynamic nuclear polarisation from lithium metal.

While lithium metal represents the ultimate high-energy-density battery anode material, its use is limited by dendrite formation and associated safety risks, motivating studies of the solid-electrolyte interphase layer that forms on the lithium, which is key in controlling lithium metal deposition. Dynamic nuclear polarisation enhanced NMR can provide important structural information; however, typical exogenous dynamic nuclear polarisation experiments, in which organic radicals are added to the sample, require cryogenic sample cooling and are not selective for the interface between the metal and the solid-electrolyte interphase. Here we instead exploit the conduction electrons of lithium metal to achieve an order of magnitude hyperpolarisation at room temperature.

Immediate and long-term need for permanent cardiac pacing following aortic valve replacement.

Atrioventricular (AV) node conduction disturbances are common following surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), and in some cases the patient needs a permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation before discharge from hospital. Little is known about the long-term need for PPM and the PPM dependency of these individuals. We determined the incidence of PPM implantation before and after discharge in SAVR patients.

[Pre- and Postnatal Diagnosis of Congenital Central Nervous System Anomalies in Iceland in 1992-2016].

Introduction: The incidence of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS) in Iceland during 1992-2016 was examined along with timing of diagnosis, maternal residence, known risk factors and perinatal outcomes.

Material And Methods: This was a retrospective study of all fe-tuses and newborns diagnosed with a CNS anomaly during the study period and their mothers. Information was obtained from the Icelandic Birth Registry and from maternal and neonatal medical records.

Improved long-term outcome of surgical AVR for AS: Results from a population-based cohort.

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine changes in outcomes after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for aortic stenosis (AS) in Iceland over a 15-year period.

Methods: We included 587 patients who underwent SAVR for AS in Iceland during the period 2002-2016, with a total follow-up of 3245 patient-years. Short-term and long-term outcomes, 30-day mortality, and long-term survival (Kaplan-Meier) were analyzed.

Patients with psoriatic arthritis who are not eligible for randomised controlled trials for TNF inhibitors have treatment response and drug survival similar to those who are eligible.

Objectives: To determine in a retrospective cohort whether patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who would not have fulfilled the inclusion criteria for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for the TNF inhibitor (TNFi) chosen for their treatment (excl) have similar benefits and drug survival as those patients who would have (incl).

Methods: All patients with rheumatic disorders who are treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in Iceland are registered in ICEBIO. On 1 February 2016, 329 individuals with PsA were registered in ICEBIO, of whom 231 had data available for their first start of TNFi and could be evaluated according to the inclusion criteria of the respective RCTs.

[Early outcome of surgical aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis in Icelandic females].

Introduction: Aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis (AS) is the second most common open-heart procedure performed in Iceland. The aim of this study was to analyze the early outcome of AVR among females in Iceland.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study including 428 patients who underwent surgical AVR due to AS in Iceland from 2002-2013.

[Use of medication, supplements and natural products during pregnancy].

Introduction: Evidence-based information regarding the use of medication during pregnancy is lacking, even though the use of medication during pregnancy is considered common and often neccesary. The aim of this study was to obtain reliable information on the use of medications during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy and the use of vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, herbs and other natural products. Women´s attitude and beliefs towards the use of medications was also examined.

[Loperamide abuse - constipation or heart attack?].

Loperamide is a μ-opioid receptor agonist with antidiarrhoeal effects. It is considered to have a low abuse potential because of substantial first-pass metabolism and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the level of the blood-brain barrier. Previous case reports have described that high dosage of loperamide can induce an opioid-like effect on the central nervous system.