Serological Evidence of Cryptic Rift Valley Fever Virus Transmission Among Humans and Livestock in Central Highlands of Kenya.

Although the highlands of East Africa lack the geo-ecological landmarks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) disease hotspots to participate in cyclic RVF epidemics, they have recently reported growing numbers of small RVF clusters. Here, we investigated whether RVF cycling occurred among livestock and humans in the central highlands of Kenya during inter-epidemic periods. A 2-year prospective hospital-based study among febrile patients (March 2022-February 2024) in Murang'a County of Kenya was followed by a cross-sectional human-animal survey.

The Role of Sex and Gender in Precision Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review and Proposed Hierarchy.

Background: Precision medicine utilizes individual patient data to guide decision making. Sex and gender medicine is likewise focused on individual patients' biological sex or sociocultural gender as determinants of disease. How these two fields intersect with one another and with acute care medicine is unclear.

Phase II Trial of Induction Chemotherapy for Advanced Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Outcomes after primary surgery for advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are poor. We tested whether induction chemotherapy (IC) can improve disease control or organ preservation.

Patients And Methods: A phase II trial evaluated previously untreated patients with stage II to IV, M0 sinonasal SCC.

Input/Output Relationships for the Primary Hippocampal Circuit.

The hippocampus is the most studied brain region, but little is known about signal throughput-the simplest, yet most essential of circuit operations-across its multiple stages from perforant path input to CA1 output. Using hippocampal slices derived from male mice, we have found that single-pulse lateral perforant path (LPP) stimulation produces a two-part CA1 response generated by LPP projections to CA3 ("direct path") and the dentate gyrus ("indirect path"). The latter, indirect path was far more potent in driving CA1 but did so only after a lengthy delay.

Local strain inhomogeneities during electrical triggering of a metal-insulator transition revealed by X-ray microscopy.

Electrical triggering of a metal-insulator transition (MIT) often results in the formation of characteristic spatial patterns such as a metallic filament percolating through an insulating matrix or an insulating barrier splitting a conducting matrix. When MIT triggering is driven by electrothermal effects, the temperature of the filament or barrier can be substantially higher than the rest of the material. Using X-ray microdiffraction and dark-field X-ray microscopy, we show that electrothermal MIT triggering leads to the development of an inhomogeneous strain profile across the switching device, even when the material does not undergo a pronounced, discontinuous structural transition coinciding with the MIT.

Antibodies targeting the glycan cap of Ebola virus glycoprotein are potent inducers of the complement system.

Antibodies to Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) represent an important correlate of the vaccine efficiency and infection survival. Both neutralization and some of the Fc-mediated effects are known to contribute the protection conferred by antibodies of various epitope specificities. At the same time, the role of the complement system remains unclear.

Antigen specificity shapes antibody functions in tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the number one infectious disease cause of death worldwide due to an incomplete understanding of immunity. Emerging data highlight antibody functions mediated by the Fc domain as immune correlates. However, the mechanisms by which antibody functions impact the causative agent are unclear.

2023 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on Precision Emergency Medicine: Development of a policy-relevant, patient-centered research agenda.

Objectives: Precision medicine is data-driven health care tailored to individual patients based on their unique attributes, including biologic profiles, disease expressions, local environments, and socioeconomic conditions. Emergency medicine (EM) has been peripheral to the precision medicine discourse, lacking both a unified definition of precision medicine and a clear research agenda. We convened a national consensus conference to build a shared mental model and develop a research agenda for precision EM.

An BSL-2 model for henipavirus infection based on bioluminescence imaging of recombinant Cedar virus replication in mice.

Henipaviruses are enveloped single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses of the paramyxovirus family. Two henipaviruses, Nipah virus and Hendra virus, cause a systemic respiratory and/or neurological disease in humans and ten additional species of mammals, with a high fatality rate. Because of their highly pathogenic nature, Nipah virus and Hendra virus are categorized as BSL-4 pathogens, which limits the number and scope of translational research studies on these important human pathogens.

Divergent antibody recognition profiles are generated by protective mRNA vaccines against Marburg and Ravn viruses.

The first-ever recent Marburg virus (MARV) outbreak in Ghana, West Africa and Equatorial Guinea has refocused efforts towards the development of therapeutics since no vaccine or treatment has been approved. mRNA vaccines were proven successful in a pandemic-response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, making it an appealing vaccine platform to target highly pathogenic emerging viruses. Here, 1-methyl-pseudouridine-modified mRNA vaccines formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) were developed against MARV and the closely-related Ravn virus (RAVV), which were based on sequences of the glycoproteins (GP) of the two viruses.

Patient and public involvement in abortion research: reflections from the Shaping Abortion for Change (SACHA) Study.

Patient and public involvement (PPI) is limited within abortion-related research. Possible reasons for this include concerns about engaging with a stigmatised patient group who value confidentiality and may be reluctant to re-engage with services. Structural barriers, including limited funding for abortion-related research, also prevent researchers from creating meaningful PPI opportunities.

Pre- versus Post-synaptic Forms of LTP in Two Branches of the Same Hippocampal Afferent.

There has been considerable controversy about pre- versus postsynaptic expression of memory-related long-term potentiation (LTP), with corresponding disputes about underlying mechanisms. We report here an instance in male mice, in which both types of potentiation are expressed but in separate branches of the same hippocampal afferent. Induction of LTP in the dentate gyrus (DG) branch of the lateral perforant path (LPP) reduces paired-pulse facilitation, is blocked by antagonism of cannabinoid receptor type 1, and is not affected by suppression of postsynaptic actin polymerization.

Lacrimal Gland Adenocarcinoma Clinicopathologic Features and Outcomes Compared With Those of Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.

Purpose: Lacrimal gland (LG) adenocarcinomas (ACs) are rare, with limited data. We compared clinicopathologic features and local recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival rates between LG AC and LG adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).

Methods: The records of LG AC patients treated from 2008 to 2022 and LG ACC patients treated from 1998 to 2022 at the same center were retrospectively reviewed.

Passive antibody transfer from pregnant women to their fetus are maximized after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination irrespective of prior infection.

Background: Pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of adverse symptoms and outcomes for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for both mother and neonate. Antibodies can provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and are induced in pregnant women after vaccination or infection. Passive transfer of these antibodies from mother to fetus may provide protection to the neonate against infection.

Concussion Risk and Recovery in Athletes With Psychostimulant-Treated Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From the NCAA-DOD CARE Consortium.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) -related psychostimulant use in the context of concussion risk and symptom recovery. Data were obtained from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Department of Defense Grand Alliance Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (NCAA-DOD CARE) Consortium from 2014 to 2017. Relative to individuals without diagnosed ADHD (i.

Decreasing utilization for postoperative radiation therapy in locoregionally advanced medullary thyroid cancer.

Background: Use of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) in locoregionally advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) remains controversial. The objective was to evaluate the effect of PORT on locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 346 MTC patients separated into PORT and no-PORT cohorts.

Systems serology in cystic fibrosis: Anti-Pseudomonas IgG1 responses and reduced lung function.

Nearly one-half of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) carry the homozygous F508del mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene but exhibit variable lung function phenotypes. How adaptive immunity influences their lung function remains unclear, particularly the serological antibody responses to antigens from mucoid Pseudomonas in sera from patients with CF with varying lung function. Sera from patients with CF with reduced lung function show higher anti-outer membrane protein I (OprI) immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) titers and greater antibody-mediated complement deposition.

Hypothyroidism following Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Opportunities to Improve the Therapeutic Ratio.

(1) Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is a central component for the treatment of many head and neck cancers. In this systematic review of the literature, we aimed to characterize and quantify the published evidence on RT-related hypothyroidism, including estimated incidence, clinical risk factors, and dosimetric parameters that may be used to guide clinical decision making. Furthermore, we aimed to identify potential areas of improvement in the prevention and clinical management of RT-induced hypothyroidism, including the role of modern advanced therapeutic techniques.