Virtual anatomical atlas of the deep brain nuclei.

This study aims to improve understanding of the anatomy of the deep brain nuclei relevant to deep brain stimulation as well as stereotactic lesioning procedures, including radio frequency, high-focused ultrasound, and radiosurgery. We created interactive, three-dimensional virtual models from cadaveric dissections and radiological segmentation. We used five brain specimens (ten hemispheres) obtained from routine autopsies, prepared according to Klingler's method.

Comparative Assessment of Thermal Damage Induced by Bipolar Forceps in a Bovine Liver.

Background And Objectives: Bipolar electrocautery systems in neurosurgical procedures may induce thermal damage to adjacent tissues, especially neural tissues. Therefore, it is crucial to control thermal spread from the tips of bipolar forceps into adjacent tissues. The goal of this study was to compare the thermal damage induced in unintended adjacent tissues during coagulation with 6 different bipolar forceps.

Navigating Deep Brain Stimulation Targets: A Three-Dimensional Video Guide for Movement Disorders.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established treatment for motor circuit disorders such as Parkinson disease, dystonia, and essential tremor, particularly when pharmacological interventions are insufficient. The increase in DBS-related publications and the growing number of patients receiving DBS highlight the acceptance and refinement of the procedure. Despite its widespread use, comprehensive anatomical knowledge of deep brain nuclei remains critical for enhancing clinical efficacy.

Exploring arterial anatomy of the internal capsule: an analysis of the deep vascular structures and related white matter pathways.

Background And Objectives: The internal capsule is supplied by perforators originating from the internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, anterior choroidal artery and anterior cerebral artery. The aim of this study is to examine the vascular anatomy of the internal capsule, along with its related white matter anatomy, in order to prevent potential risks and complications during surgical interventions.

Methods: Twenty injected hemispheres prepared according to the Klingler method were dissected.

Medical management of chronic subdural hematoma with low-dose hydrocortisone: a case series.

Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) are often managed with a burr-hole craniostomy and drainage, but surgery is associated with elevated mortality, morbidity, and recurrence. Despite reports of steroid use for such patients, its efficacy and feasibility are still debated. We present our patient series treated with low-dose hydrocortisone.

Controlling photothermoelectric directional photocurrents in graphene with over 400 GHz bandwidth.

Photodetection in the near- and mid-infrared spectrum requires a suitable absorbing material able to meet the respective targets while ideally being cost-effective. Graphene, with its extraordinary optoelectronic properties, could provide a material basis simultaneously serving both regimes. The zero-band gap offers almost wavelength independent absorption which lead to photodetectors operating in the infrared spectrum.

Sublabial transmaxillary approach to the inferior aspect of the orbit.

Objective: The objective was to demonstrate the surgical steps and outcomes of the sublabial transmaxillary microsurgical approach with endoscopic assistance to treat lesions in the inferior aspect of the orbit, as well as to describe the use of patient-specific 3D models to facilitate surgical preparation and improve experience with the technique.

Methods: The authors' study evaluated data from patients who underwent an endoscope-assisted sublabial transmaxillary approach for inferior orbital lesions. For 2 patients, 3D models were created for preoperative planning and assessment of the approach.

Physics-informed scaling laws for the performance of pitching foils in schooling configurations.

This study introduces novel physics-based scaling laws to estimate the propulsive performance of synchronously pitching foils in various schooling configurations. These relations are derived from quasi-steady lift-based and added mass forces. Hydrodynamic interactions among the schooling foils are considered through vortex-induced velocities imposed on them, constituting the ground effect.

Graftless Primary Dural Closure Following Retrosigmoid Approach: Doing More With less.

Introduction: Achieving watertight dural closure without grafts via the retrosigmoid approach can be challenging, contributing to a significant rate of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. This study describes a dural incision technique for achieving primary dural closure without grafts following the retrosigmoid approach and presents clinical data from the authors' experience.

Methods: Clinical and surgical data of 227 patients who underwent the dural incision technique following the retrosigmoid approach for various pathologies were retrospectively reviewed.

Beyond nimodipine: advanced neuroprotection strategies for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia.

The clinical management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-associated vasospasm remains a challenge in neurosurgical practice, with its prevention and treatment having a major impact on neurological outcome. While considered a mainstay, nimodipine is burdened by some non-negligible limitations that make it still a suboptimal candidate of pharmacotherapy for SAH. This narrative review aims to provide an update on the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, overall evidence, and strength of recommendation of nimodipine alternative drugs for aneurysmal SAH-associated vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia.

Selective amygdalohippocampectomy via the paramedian supracerebellar-transtentorial approach for mediobasal temporal epilepsy.

Selective amygdalohippocampectomy via the pterional transsylvian approach is a feasible option for many patients with mediobasal temporal epilepsy. However, it may be insufficient for patients when the posterior hippocampal region is involved. The paramedian supracerebellar transtentorial approach offers precise anatomical orientation when exposing the entire length of the mediobasal temporal region, including the fusiform gyrus.

Revisiting the microsurgical anatomy of the sagittal stratum and surgical implications: fiber microdissection and tractography study.

Objective: The term "sagittal stratum" was coined by Heinrich Sachs in 1892 to define a parasagittally oriented white matter layer at the temporo-occipital cortex. Although this term has been widely used for more than 100 years, the description, classification, borders, and involved fibers of the structure vary among authors and remain imprecise. Through fiber microdissection and tractography, the authors aimed to define the sagittal stratum and resolve the uncertainty by revealing the relationship of this structure to other cerebral white matter pathways and the orientation of fibers in it.

Enamel Matrix Derivative, 58S5 Bioactive Glass, and Fluoride Varnish for Enamel Remineralization: A Multi-analysis Approach.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the enamel remineralization efficacy of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), experimental bioactive glass (BAG), and fluoride varnish in vitro.

Methods And Materials: Artificial initial caries lesions were developed on fifty human enamel specimens using demineralization solution (pH 4.5, 37°C, 96 hours).

Study of biocapacity areas to reduce ecological footprint deficits: A case study of Turkey.

Our world has had difficulty meeting humans' needs in recent years. To ensure that the world can sustain its inhabitability and self-sufficiency in terms of natural resources, it is required to make the total amount of biocapacity areas equal to or higher than the ecological footprint. An analytical study has been carried out to remedy the biocapacity deficit by utilizing this information for Turkey and then these areas are optimized with heuristic optimization techniques.

Human Adapted Prosomeric Model: A Future for Brainstem Tumor Classification.

This study reevaluates the conventional understanding of midbrain anatomy and neuroanatomical nomenclature in the context of recent genetic and anatomical discoveries. The authors assert that the midbrain should be viewed as an integral part of the forebrain due to shared genetic determinants and evolutionary lineage. The isthmo-mesencephalic boundary is recognized as a significant organizer for both the caudal midbrain and the isthmo-cerebellar area.

Resistance Training to Muscle Failure with Variable Load Intensities: Implications for Post-Exercise Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Trained Men.

: The modulation of cardiac sympathovagal balance alters following acute resistance training (RT) sessions. Nevertheless, the precise influence of RT at varying load intensities on this physiological response remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the time course of recovery following low- (40%), moderate- (60%), and high- (80%) load-intensity RT protocols performed up to muscle repetition failure in resistance-trained men.

Creating a neuroanatomy education model with augmented reality and virtual reality simulations of white matter tracts.

Objective: The utilization of digital technologies has experienced a notable surge, particularly in cases where access to cadavers is constrained, within the context of practical neuroanatomy training. This study evaluates augmented reality (AR)- and virtual reality (VR)-based educational models for neuroanatomy education.

Methods: Three-dimensional models were created using advanced photogrammetry.

Emergency medical service use at a pediatric center in Turkey, during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate aspects of pediatric patients presenting to a hospital in Turkey via emergency ambulance services, including incidence of visits to the hospital, acuity of illness and most common diagnoses, during the one-year period before and after the onset of the coronavrrus dsease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: This was a retrospective and single center analysis of children, transported by Emergency Medical Services to the Emergency Department (ED) of a children's hospital in Turkey, between 10 March 2019 and 11 March 2021.

Results: Percentage of high acuity group (68.

A silent scream in the pediatric emergency department: child abuse and neglect.

Child abuse and neglect includes any behavior that harms the child or hinders the child's development. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with suspected child abuse or neglect in the pediatric emergency department. Between July 2017 and July 2022, patients admitted to our pediatric emergency department and consulted to the medical social services unit with a preliminary diagnosis of neglect and/or abuse were retrospectively scanned through the registry system.

Measuring remote working skills: Scale development and validation study.

Remote work, one of the most significant working arrangements of today, requires certain employee skills. Although there are some hints, there is not much information in the literature on this subject. This study aims to identify the skills required for productive remote working activities and to develop a scale for measuring these skills.

Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery for treatment of sphenoid wing meningiomas extending to the cavernous sinus: clinical implications and a technical illustration.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery (TONES) in the management of sphenoid wing meningiomas (SWMs) with cavernous sinus and orbital invasion.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of 32 patients with SWMs treated at Gazi University using TONES from October 2019 to May 2023. The study includes clinical applications to elucidate the endoscopic transorbital approach.