An Expanded Narrative Review of Neurotransmitters on Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Therapeutic Interventions on Neurotransmission.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are the key players responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease. The accumulation of Aβ plaques and tau affect the balance in chemical neurotransmitters in the brain.

Issues with the targeted therapy of non‑small cell lung cancer with thyroid metastases: A case report.

Lung cancer is a common malignancy that has usually already metastasized at the time of diagnosis; however, thyroid metastases are extremely rare. Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion has been observed in 3-7% of cases of lung adenocarcinoma. ALK inhibitor therapy has been shown to exert a positive effect on disease progression.

A Rare Pathological Phenotype of Endometrioid Serous and Clear-Cell Ovarian Cancer with PIK3CA Mutations in Relation to The Excellent Response of Alpelisib.

Patients with metastatic ovarian cancer who develop resistance to standard therapy with or without platinum need to search for other therapeutic choices. Therefore, identifying genetic alterations and selecting an approach to treatment using precision medicine techniques are important. In a patient diagnosed with mixed-type ovarian cancer after surgery, adjuvant therapy was applied with a combination of carboplatin and taxane, but the disease recurred.

Pulmonary-specific quality of life and dyspnea among patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019: Evaluation of patient groups 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge.

Background: Shortand long-term lung damage after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been emphasized in many studies, but pulmonary-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been examined only in a limited capacity.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess pulmonary-specific HRQOL and dyspnea among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 by applying the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) to patient groups 1, 3 and 6 months following discharge (groups T1, T3 and T6).

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2020 and December 2020 at a tertiary hospital in Turkey.

The effect of biceps tenotomy on humeral migration and clinical outcomes in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of biceps tenotomy on humeral migration and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff (RC) repair.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 60 patients who underwent arthroscopic RC repair. Patients were divided into two groups, whether they underwent concomitant biceps tenotomy or not.

Evaluation of the effect of hyperchloremia on the prognosis and mortality of medical intensive care patients: a single-center study.

Background: While chloride (Cl) is the most abundant anion in the serum, it is unfortunately one of the most commonly disregarded laboratory test results routinely drawn upon admission into the medical intensive care unit (MICU). We aimed to investigate the relation between in-hospital mortality, different pathologies requiring admission to the MICU, serum Cl levels, and other biochemical tests in a tertiary center.

Methods: The prospective study included data from 373 patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care center between 2017 and 2019.

Anatomic Factors Associated With the Development of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rerupture in Men: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Although several factors are associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rerupture, the effect of anatomic factors associated with ACL rupture on ACL rerupture development has not been evaluated.

Purpose: To determine individual anatomic parameters independently associated with ACL rerupture and the diagnostic values of these parameters.

Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

A Comparison Between Rome III and Rome IV Criteria in Children with Chronic Abdominal Pain: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background: The Rome IV includes a redefinition of functional gastrointestinal disorders and diagnostic criteria. The present study aimed to compare the Rome III and Rome IV classification results and to reveal their differences in children with chronic abdominal pain.

Methods: The present study is a prospective observational cohort study.

Violence in emergency service: The situation of general surgeons in Turkey.

Background: Violence in healthcare in public health is a problem about socio-economic and personal development that is un-fortunately seen in every service but more frequently in emergency departments. In our study, we aimed to determine the violence experiences of general surgeons in the emergency room and their perceptions about it.

Methods: The study is designed in a cross-sectional type.

Developing an algorithm across integrated healthcare systems to identify a history of cancer using electronic medical records.

Objective: Tumor registries in integrated healthcare systems (IHCS) have high precision for identifying incident cancer but often miss recently diagnosed cancers or those diagnosed outside of the IHCS. We developed an algorithm using the electronic medical record (EMR) to identify people with a history of cancer not captured in the tumor registry to identify adults, aged 40-65 years, with no history of cancer.

Materials And Methods: The algorithm was developed at Kaiser Permanente Colorado, and then applied to 7 other IHCS.

Individual and Combined Anatomic Risk Factors for the Development of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Men: A Multiple Factor Analysis Case-Control Study.

Background: No comparative studies have evaluated anatomic risk factors in a large cohort including both patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures and healthy participants.

Purpose: To determine which anatomic parameters are independently associated with an ACL rupture and the diagnostic values of the individual and combined anatomic parameters.

Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Evaluation of radiological contribution to patient management: the orthopedist's point of view.

Background: Orthopedists prefer imaging studies for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients.

Purpose: To determine the effect of orthopedists' characteristics, including subspecialty, age, education, and professional experience, in collaboration with radiologists and the usefulness of radiology reports for orthopedists in diagnosis and patient management.

Material And Methods: Questionnaires, consisting of 21 questions investigating the orthopedists' characteristics, their behavior with radiology reports, their thoughts on communication, and collaboration with radiologists, were distributed to 205 orthopedists.

Serum levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in relation to HCC human biology and prognosis.

Background And Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers are limited, as even the best studied, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), is elevated in no more than 50% of HCC patients. The aim was to evaluate several serum liver function tests in relation to survival and tumor characteristics in a large cohort of Turkish HCC patients.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the serum levels of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in relation to patient survival.

Osteochondroma as a Cause of Ischiofemoral Impingement - First Case Series.

Ischiofemoral impingement ()is the compression of the muscle resulting from the narrowed distance between the lesser trochanter and the ischial bone. Congenital factors (such as developmental hip dysplasia), positional conditions (such as femoral anteversion), intertrochanteric fractures, osteotomy, and osteoarthritis may lead to the superior and medial displacement of the femur which is causing the . According to the literature, osteochondroma () is not described among the main etiological factors of There is only one case report about the relationship between and .

Plasma and Breast Milk Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Nursing Mother with Chronic Hepatitis B-Infant Pairs.

Tenofovir use is associated with lower risk of mother-to-infant transmission of the virus, and discontinuation of the treatment is not safe. However, the safety of the drug during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not clear. In this study, we aimed to determine the tenofovir concentration in plasma of mother-infant pairs along with breast milk in chronic hepatitis B patients during the lactation period.

Changes in olfactory bulbus volume and olfactory sulcus depth in the chronic period after COVID-19 infection.

Background: Although there are a limited number of studies investigating the changes in olfactory bulb volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) values in the acute and subacute periods after COVID-19 infection, there are no studies conducted in the chronic period.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to reveal the changes in OBV and OSD after COVID-19 in the chronic period.

Material And Methods: A total of 83 people were included in our study, including 42 normal healthy individuals (control group) and 41 patients with COVID-19 infection (10-12 months after infection).

Evaluation of olfactory bulbus volume and olfactory sulcus depth development with 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in childhood.

Background: This study aimed to reveal the change in olfactory bulbus volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) in healthy Turkish paediatric individuals between 1 month and 18 years of age with 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), taking into account different age groups and gender factors.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, 190 paediatric individuals who underwent cranial MRI were evaluated. Healthy paediatric cases were divided into four groups as infantile period (first 24 months when cerebral myelinisation was completed), early childhood (2-6 years), childhood (6-12 years) and adolescence (12-18 years).

The Shapes and Normal Dimensions of the Sella Turcica.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal dimensions and shape of the sella turcica (ST) in the Turkish population using multidetector computed tomography.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 188 patients who met the study criteria and had paranasal multidetector computed tomography taken between January 2019 and December 2019. The patients included in the study comprised 77 females and 111 males.

Bioequivalence study of two favipiravir tablet formulations in healthy male subjects.

Objective: The global pandemic called COVID-19 has dragged the world into a healthcare crisis, and favipiravir is one of the most prescribed agents against the virus so far. Favipiravir is a repurposed antiviral agent in treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to meet the current need, pharmaceutical companies are working for manufacturing licensed generic favipiravir. For getting the marketing authorization, the bioequivalence of the generic product must be proven first.

Predictive Value of CAR for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: In the current literature, there is a growing evidence that supports the significant role of inflammation in the progression of viral pneumonia, including patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the predictive value of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) for in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included the data of 275 consecutive COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in a referral pandemic center.

Serum levels of inflammatory markers CRP, ESR and albumin in relation to survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with several chronic inflammatory conditions. It is increasingly understood that the inflammation may be part of the carcinogenic process and prognostically important.

Objective: To evaluate the serum levels of three inflammation markers in relation to survival in HCC patients.

Osteoprotegerin is More than a Possible Serum Marker in Liver Fibrosis: A Study into its Function in Human and Murine Liver.

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) serum levels are associated with liver fibrogenesis and have been proposed as a biomarker for diagnosis. However, the source and role of OPG in liver fibrosis are unknown, as is the question of whether OPG expression responds to treatment. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the fibrotic regulation of OPG production and its possible function in human and mouse livers.

Evaluation of olfactory bulbus volume and olfactory sulcus depth by 3 T MR.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate olfactory bulbus volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) according to age and sex with 3 T MRI in a healthy Turkish population.

Materials And Methods: In the current study, 200 patients who had cranial MRI were retrospectively evaluated. They were divided into the following groups to examine the effects of age: group 1: 18-30 years old; group 2: 31-40 years old; group 3: 41-50 years old; group 4: 51-60 years old; and group 5: >60 years old.