Formamidinium Incorporates into Rb-based Non-Perovskite Phases in Solar Cell Formulations.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, such as formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI), are among the most promising emerging photovoltaic materials. However, the spontaneous phase transition from the photoactive perovskite phase to an inactive non-perovskite phase complicates the application of FAPbI in solar cells. To remedy this, alkali metal cations, most often Cs, Rb or K, are included during perovskite synthesis to stabilize the photoactive phase.

The effect of music therapy and breathing exercise on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing coronary angiography: A randomized controlled study.

Background: For over 50 years, music therapy and breathing exercises have been widely utilized as interventions to help individuals cope with fatigue, stress and pain globally.

Aim: To analyse the effects of music and breathing exercises on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Study Design: This is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Evolution and irreversibility: Two distinct phenomena and their distinct laws of nature.

To clarify the place of time direction of change in nature (time arrow), the present article shows why Evolution and Irreversibility are two distinct phenomena. Their distinct laws of nature are the Constructal Law and the Second Law, respectively. The demonstration is based on the simplest setting imaginable: a solid body moving in a pool of water.

Axial-Equatorial Halide Ordering in Layered Hybrid Perovskites from Isotropic-Anisotropic Pb NMR.

Bandgap-tuneable mixed-halide 3D perovskites are of interest for multi-junction solar cells, but suffer from photoinduced spatial halide segregation. Mixed-halide 2D perovskites are more resistant to halide segregation and are promising coatings for 3D perovskite solar cells. The properties of mixed-halide compositions depend on the local halide distribution, which is challenging to study at the level of single octahedra.

Accuracy of liquid drug dose measurements using different tools by caregivers: a prospective observational study.

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of liquid drug dose measurements made by caregivers and explore the factors influencing these measurements. Caregivers (n = 176) of children aged less than 8 years, who were treated at the pediatric clinic of a university hospital in Turkey between July and October 2019, were eligible to participate in this study. The caregivers' ability to accurately measure a 2.

A point prevalence study of medical device-associated pressure injuries: A cross-sectional study.

Aim And Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the point prevalence and associated risk factors of medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPI) in intensive care patients in Turkey.

Background: MDRPI remain a clinical problem that has garnered the attention of healthcare professionals.

Design: This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted over a single day in all intensive care units.

Locomotion rhythm makes power and speed.

This article addresses two questions, why certain animals (frogs, breaststroke swimmers, hovering fliers, jellyfish) push rapidly against the surrounding fluid and then reach forward slowly, and whether this rhythm of propulsion is a manifestation of the universal phenomenon of design evolution in nature. Emphasis is on the distribution of time periods of locomotion in which, during the driving phase of cyclic movement (the motive stroke, phases 1 and 2, in alternating sequence with the dissipative stroke, phase 3), the work is generated (phase 1) and dissipated (phase 2). The relative lengths of the characteristic times t and t of the phases 1 and 2, are predicted.

Social sciences and energy research interactions.

Energy has had a definitive impact on human life throughout history. Beginning with the harnessing of fire, which offered warmth, improved shelter and more food, humanity's standard of living has been defined by the power derived from fuels and food. Access to energy is the briefest way in which to summarize the history of the world.

Review: Unravelling the Role of DNA Sensing in Alum Adjuvant Activity.

Public interest in vaccines is at an all-time high following the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. Currently, over 6 billion doses of various vaccines are administered globally each year. Most of these vaccines contain Aluminium-based adjuvants (alum), which have been known and used for almost 100 years to enhance vaccine immunogenicity.

Investigation of the Necessity of Aspiration During the Intramuscular Injection Administered in the Ventrogluteal Site and Its Effect on Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This experimental study, which was conducted to examine the necessity of aspiration procedure and its effect on pain in intramuscular (IM) injections made into the ventrogluteal site (VGS), is randomized controlled and double-blind. The patients in the study group ( = 834) were assigned to the IM group with the aspiration period of 5 to 10 seconds (Implementation Group A-IGA), the aspiration period of 1 to 2 seconds (Control Group-CG), and no aspiration (Implementation Group B-IGB) according to stratified block randomization list. Patients' pain levels were evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Frequency of Clinical Alarms in Intensive Care Units and Nurses' Sensitivity to Them: An Observational Study.

Background: All clinical alarms require nurses to respond even if an intervention is not needed. Nurses are expected to respond appropriately to each alarm and establish priorities among their care practices accordingly. This study was conducted to examine the number and types of clinical device alarms used in intensive care units, the duration of their activation, and nurses' degree of sensitivity to them.

Impact of the fluorescent concretization intervention on effectiveness of hand hygiene in nursing students: A randomized controlled study.

Background: Hand hygiene is the most effective and simplest infection control method but there is a considerable amount of evidence that shows hand hygiene skills of nursing students should be improved. Nursing education plays an important role in giving nursing students the necessary knowledge, beliefs and teaching and improving basic hand hygiene skills. An effective learning method that enables students to understand both the practical skills and the underlying theoretical principles should be used in teaching hand hygiene.

Examining the hand hygiene beliefs and practices of nursing students and the effectiveness of their handwashing behaviour.

Aims And Objectives: To examine the hand hygiene beliefs and practices of Turkish nursing students and the effectiveness of their handwashing.

Background: Handwashing is the most important part of preventing cross-infection, but there is a considerable amount of evidence that shows that the handwashing technique of nurses and nursing students is not always very effective.

Design/methods: This research was carried out in two stages and is type of descriptive, analytical and observational.

Assessing the Validity and Reliability of a New Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale for Patients in Intensive Care Units.

Unlabelled: The high incidence of pressure ulcers/injuries (PU/Is) among patients in intensive care units (ICUs) suggests a need for improved risk assessment.

Purpose: The study aimed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a new PU/I risk assessment scale.

Methods: The authors developed the Efteli Günes (EFGU) Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale based on a conceptual framework of risk factors developed by Coleman et al.

Sacral Skin Temperature and Pressure Ulcer Development: A Descriptive Study.

Unlabelled: Existing evidence is inadequate to assume increased skin temperature is a risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers (PUs).

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective, descriptive study was to examine the relationship between sacral skin temperature and PU development.

Methods: Using convenience sampling methods, patients who were hospitalized in the tertiary intensive care unit (ICU) of the internal medicine department of a university hospital in İzmir, Turkey, between April and December 2015 were eligible to participate if they were ⟩18 years of age, had an expected hospital stay of at least 5 days, a Braden score ≤12, and were admitted without a PU.

The fastest animals and vehicles are neither the biggest nor the fastest over lifetime.

Here we show how the size of a body affects its maximum average speed of movement through its environment. The theoretical challenge was to predict that 'outliers' must exist, such as the cheetah for terrestrial animals and the jet fighter for airplanes. We show that during a travel that starts from rest and continues at cruising speed, the body size for minimum travel time, or maximum average speed, is not the biggest.

The effect on pain of three different nonpharmacological methods in peripheral intravenous catheterisation in adults.

Aims And Objectives: To compare the effectiveness in reducing pain during peripheral intravenous catheterisation of coughing, blowing into a spirometer and squeezing a stress ball.

Background: Peripheral intravenous catheterisation is widely performed by nurses; it causes pain and discomfort to patients.

Design: This was a single-blind randomized controlled study.

Evaluation of oxygen saturation values in different body positions in healthy individuals.

Aims And Objectives: The research was conducted to evaluate oxygen saturation values measured in healthy individuals in different body positions.

Background: Changes in position affect ventilation-perfusion rates, oxygen transport and lung volume in normal lungs. There have been few studies and not enough information about which positioning of a healthy individual can increase oxygenation.

Predictive validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the risk assessment pressure sore scale in intensive care patients: results of a prospective study.

Multiple pressure ulcer (PU) risk assessment instruments have been developed and tested, but there is no general consensus on which instrument to use for specific patient populations and care settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and predictive validity of the Turkish version of the Risk Assessment Pressure Sore (RAPS) instrument, which includes 12 variables--5 from the modified Norton Scale, 3 from the Braden Scale, and 3 from other research results--for use in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The English version of the RAPS instrument was translated into Turkish and tested for internal consistency and predictive validity (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) using a convenience sample of 122 patients consecutively admitted to an ICU unit in Turkey.

Factors contributing to medication errors in Turkey: nurses' perspectives.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of nurses with regard to medication errors.

Background: Medication errors result in a significant proportion of the deaths related to avoidable medical errors in hospitals.

Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

A comparison of 3 wound measurement techniques: effects of pressure ulcer size and shape.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the levels of agreement among 3 techniques used in wound measurement comparing more spherical versus irregularly shaped wounds.

Design: The design of this study is evaluative research.

Subjects And Setting: Sixty-five consecutive patients with 80 pressure ulcers of various sizes referred from a university hospital in Izmir, Turkey, were evaluated.

The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire in patients with leukemia.

Aims And Objectives: To assess reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire.

Background: Pain is one of the most frequent and significant problems encountered by nurses practice across the world. The Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire was widely translated and used to assess the pain experience of several types of patients because it combines the properties of the standard McGill Pain Questionnaire but takes substantially less time to administer.

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of synthetic pure isothiocyanates against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Background: Isothiocyanates (ITCs) released by the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae are potentially useful for controlling fungal pathogens. In vitro activity of pure ITCs against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary was studied by adding them to glass filters in petri dishes and dissolving them in the growing media.