Differentiating multiple sclerosis with predominant spinal cord and optic nerve involvement from other autoimmune demyelinating diseases using B cell immunophenotyping and gene expression profiling.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) may present with predominant involvement of the spinal cord and optic nerve (MS/w-SCON) and mimic other autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disorders (AIDD) such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (RION). Thus, biomarkers are required for effective differential diagnosis of AIDD.

Methods: Patients with MS/w-SCON (n = 20), MS without involvement of SCON (MS/wo-SCON) (n = 22), NMOSD (n = 16), RION (n = 15) and healthy individuals (n = 21) were included.

Anti-JCV antibody index seroconversion in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab.

Background: The anti-JCV antibody index is widely used to monitor multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving natalizumab, as seroconversion is linked to an increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of anti-JCV antibody seroconversion in patients treated with natalizumab.

Methods: We included MS patients exposed to natalizumab treatment for at least one year, with a negative anti-JCV antibody index at baseline, and a minimum of two anti-JCV antibody assessments more than six months apart.

Retinoic acid modulates peripheral blood helper innate lymphoid cell composition in vitro in patients with multiple sclerosis.

This study investigates the frequency and numbers of circulating helper innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in untreated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, focusing on intracellular IL-10 and CCR6 expressions under IL-2, IL-33, and retinoic acid (RA) stimulation in vitro and their associations with clinical features in RRMS. In RRMS patients, ILC1 levels were notably higher upon IL-2 + IL-33 + RA stimulation, while ILC2 levels, particularly the c-Kit ILC2 and CCR6 ILC2 subsets, were significantly lower compared to unstimulated conditions. Additionally, IL-10 ILC1 levels were elevated.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Patient-Reported Impact of Spasticity Measure in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Patient-Reported Impact of Spasticity Measure (PRISM-TR).

Methods: Expert opinions and the forward-back translation method were used for linguistic validation. Cronbach α and test-retest analysis were performed for reliability analysis.

The agreement between face-to-face and tele-assessment of balance tests in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: To investigate the reliability of balance tests administered using a tele-assessment method in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: The participants were assessed both online and face-to-face. The assessments were performed synchronously by two physiotherapists.

Parenchymal Neuro-Behçet's disease or Comorbid Behçet's disease with multiple sclerosis: A discriminative analysis of a complex clinical entity.

Background: Patients with Behçet's disease (BD) may rarely manifest with cerebral white matter lesions resembling multiple sclerosis (MS). This may result in misdiagnosis due to diagnostic difficulties between parenchymal neuro-BD (pNBD) and MS. This study aims to elucidate the distinguishing features of patients with comorbid BD and MS (BD+MS) in comparison to those with pNBD and MS alone by focusing on clinical and laboratory features.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Parenchymal Neuro-Behçet's Disease.

Introduction: Parenchymal Neuro-Behçet's disease (p-NBD) usually presents with a characteristic lesion in the mesodiencephalic region. However, there is a lack of information regarding the axonal integrity of normal-appearing white matter in p-NBD. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is based on the properties of diffusivity and anisotropy that indicate the integrity of axons.

Concomitant Crohn's Disease and Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD)-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case Report.

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory, autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects the intestines but can also affect extraintestinal organs. Certain neurological conditions, such as autoimmune encephalitis, can develop along with this disease. In this case report, we present a case of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis that occurred shortly after the diagnosis of Crohn's disease and was unrelated to the treatment and nutritional deficiencies.

Evaluation of lymph node findings in patients with and without odontogenic infection: A clinical and ultrasonographic study.

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings of submandibular and submental lymph nodes in patients with and without odontogenic infection.

Material And Methods: Systemically healthy patients aged 18-30 years old with or without odontogenic infections were included in this study. Clinical examinations were performed on all patients; those with any odontogenic infection were placed in the study group, and those without were placed in the control group.

The Effect of Smoking on Inactivated and mRNA Vaccine Responses Applied to Prevent COVİD-19 in Multiple Sclerosis.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the biggest health challenge of recent times. Studies so far reveal that vaccination is the only way to prevent this pandemic. There may be factors that decrease or increase vaccine effectiveness.

Chloride intracellular channel protein-1 (CLIC1) antibody in multiple sclerosis patients with predominant optic nerve and spinal cord involvement.

Introduction: Antibodies to cell surface proteins of astrocytes have been described in chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorders (CIDD) of the central nervous system including multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Our aim was to identify novel anti-astrocyte autoantibodies in relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients presenting predominantly with spinal cord and optic nerve attacks (MS-SCON).

Methods: Sera of 29 MS-SCON patients and 36 healthy controls were screened with indirect immunofluorescence to identify IgG reacting with human astrocyte cultures.

Increase in physiological inhibitory control results in better suppression of unwanted memories.

Forgetting or suppressing a memory with unwanted content is just as important as remembering a desirable one. In addition to emphasizing the role of inhibitory control in memory suppression processes, neuropsychological studies have indicated that an intentional inhibition targeting a brain area may exert its inhibitory effects in seemingly unrelated areas through a common inhibitory network. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the suppression of unwanted memories can be strengthened by recruiting an inhibitory task that can be simultaneously performed with a memory suppression task.

Serum IgG of patients with relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy immunoreacts with Sox2-positive glial cells of the optic nerve.

Background: Given the significance of glial cells in maintenance of neurons, antibodies directed against glial cells of the optic nerve might reasonably be expected to have a pathogenic impact in relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (RION).

Methods: We investigated IgG immunoreactive with the optic nerve tissue by indirect immunohistochemistry using sera of 20 RION patients. Commercial Sox2-antibody was used for double immunolabeling.

Is Women's Place Beyond the Glass Ceiling? The Gender Gap in Academic Psychiatry Publications in Turkey.

Introduction: In terms of academic positions and activities, women seem to be disadvantaged in various aspects all over the world. Our study aims to investigate the representation of male and female genders in academic psychiatry journals in Turkey.

Method: We included the publications in the academic psychiatry journals indexed in The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Turkish Academic Network and Information Center, which were published between 2011 and 2020.

Cerebrospinal fluid level of neurofilament light chain is associated with increased disease activity in neuro-Behçet's disease.

Background: Clinical exacerbations characterized with neurological symptoms are observed in around 10% of Behçet's disease (BD) patients and may culminate in severe disability. Although certain immunological factors have been associated with disease activity in neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD), biomarkers for monitoring the clinical outcome of NBD have not been properly investigated.

Methods: Levels of neurofilament light chain (NFL), homeobox protein Hox-B3 (HoxB3), and YKL-40 were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 23 parenchymal (n = 16) and nonparenchymal (n = 7) NBD patients obtained during NBD attacks by ELISA.

Lesion probability map in cerebral vein thrombosis due to Behçet's disease.

Aim: Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic inflammatory disease. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is the second most common form of neuro-BD after parenchymal central nervous system involvement. The purpose of this study was to construct flow-void probability maps of patients with CVST with and without BD to visually illustrate the impacted cerebral venous sinuses, to compare the subgroups of patients, and investigate the effect of thrombus localization on clinical findings.

The Socioeconomic and Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People with Multiple Sclerosis in Turkey.

Introduction: Various restrictions due to the coronavirus infection have affected working life globally. People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have several difficulties in social life, patient follow-up, and receiving treatments. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the experiences of pwMS during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Altered DNA methylation at age-associated CpG sites in children with growth disorders: impact on age estimation?

Age estimation based on DNA methylation (DNAm) can be applied to children, adolescents and adults, but many CG dinucleotides (CpGs) exhibit different kinetics of age-associated DNAm across these age ranges. Furthermore, it is still unclear how growth disorders impact epigenetic age predictions, and this may be particularly relevant for a forensic application. In this study, we analyzed buccal mucosa samples from 95 healthy children and 104 children with different growth disorders.

The Turkish experience of COVID-19 infection in people with NMOSD and MOGAD: A milder course?

Background: COVID-19 is a multisystemic infection with variables consequences depending on individual and comorbid conditions. The course and outcomes of COVID-19 during neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD) are not clearly known.

Objective/methods: The aim of this study was to examine the features and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in NMOSD and MOGAD patients.

Coexistence of restless legs syndrome and multiple sclerosis aggravates anxiety and depression.

Background: Among the comorbidities that accompany multiple sclerosis (MS), restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common. Anxiety and depression are common psychological comorbidities that impact the quality of life of patients with MS (PwMS), as well as patients with RLS.

Objective: To investigate the psychiatric burden of MS and RLS coexistence, we conducted a nationwide, multicenter and cross-sectional survey.

Lesion distribution pattern of parenchymal Neuro-Behçet's disease using probability mapping.

Background And Purpose: Behçet's disease (BD) is an inflammatory disorder with multisystemic involvement. The most disabling aspect of BD is Neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD). In NBD, parenchymal lesions tend to occur in the mesodiencephalic region and brainstem, as reported in large series of NBD.

High bladder pressure reduces the ability to filter out interference from distractors in low perceptual load condition.

According to the load theory of attention, an active cognitive control mechanism is needed to ensure that behaviour is controlled by target-relevant information when distractors are also perceived. Although the active cognitive control mechanism consists of working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition components, predictions regarding the load effects of this mechanism were derived mostly from studies on working memory. We aimed to test whether these predictions are also valid for an inhibition component.