[Steadiness and progress. Medicine in Würzburg in the mirror of the centuries - a contribution to the foundation of the University of Würzburg 600 years ago].

In the year 1402 one of the first German universities was founded by bishop Johann von Egloffstein, but it had last in its full composition for only a few decades. Nevertheless, the 600th anniversary has a great importance, because in the 16th century, during the second foundation, there was an adequate tradition of university in Würzburg to lean on and go back to.Although, in a medical-history view, in 1402 this university had been without a greater importance, the medicine in Würzburg in the Middle Ages and the Early modern Times had been on a high level, what is shown by representatives like Ortolf von Baierland (13th century) and Berthold Blumentrost (14th century) or by documents like the 'Würzburger Wundarznei' at the end of the 15th century and the 'Nüttzlicher Bericht' by Walther Hermann Ryff, printed 1548 in Würzburg, as one of the first dental mongraphies.

[Roger Frugardi and the tradition of Langobardic surgery].

The surgical manual 'Rogerina' ('cyrurgia') of the Lombardic surgeon Roger Frugardi (before 1140, + about 1195) belongs to the most-read texts in medieval Occident. This book laid the foundation for the species of the occidental surgical manuals and influenced them up to modern times. In addition, Roger's manual shows the literation of an segment of knowledge, that has been transmitted until then orally: Roger has completed the surgical knowledge with Salernitan experiences, he arranged it anatomically and presented it in a pathologic-traumatological systematization.