Cell- and tissue-specific glycosylation pathways informed by single-cell transcriptomics.

While single-cell studies have made significant impacts in various subfields of biology, they lag in the Glycosciences. To address this gap, we analyzed single-cell glycogene expressions in the Tabula Sapiens dataset of human tissues and cell types using a recent glycosylation-specific gene ontology (GlycoEnzOnto). At the median sequencing (count) depth, ∼40-50 out of 400 glycogenes were detected in individual cells.

Immobilized NRG1 Accelerates Neural Crest like Cell Differentiation Toward Functional Schwann Cells Through Sustained Erk1/2 Activation and YAP/TAZ Nuclear Translocation.

Neural Crest cells (NC) are a multipotent cell population that give rise to a multitude of cell types including Schwann cells (SC) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Immature SC interact with neuronal axons via the neuregulin 1 (NRG1) ligand present on the neuronal surface and ultimately form the myelin sheath. Multiple attempts to derive functional SC from pluripotent stem cells have met challenges with respect to expression of mature markers and axonal sorting.

Combining Multistaged Filters and Modified Segmentation Network for Improving Lung Nodules Classification.

Advancements in computational technology have led to a shift towards automated detection processes in lung cancer screening, particularly through nodule segmentation techniques. These techniques employ thresholding to distinguish between soft and firm tissues, including cancerous nodules. The challenge of accurately detecting nodules close to critical lung structures such as blood vessels, bronchi, and the pleura highlights the necessity for more sophisticated methods to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Identification of Surfactant Impact on a Monoclonal Antibody Characterization via HPLC-Separation Based and Biophysical Methods.

Purpose Or Objective: Surfactants, including polysorbates and poloxamers, play a crucial role in the formulation of therapeutic proteins by acting as solubilizing and stabilizing agents. They help prevent protein aggregation and adsorption, thereby enhancing the stability of drug substance and products., However, it is important to note that utilizing high concentrations of surfactants in protein formulations can present significant analytical challenges, which can ultimately affect the product characterization.

Multiple thoracic intramedullary schwannoma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Schwannoma's are benign but clinically progressive tumours. Mostly, they present as intradural extramedullary and as a single lesion. They are quite rare in the intramedullary region and multiple lesions.

Cell and tissue-specific glycosylation pathways informed by single-cell transcriptomics.

While single cell studies have made significant impacts in various subfields of biology, they lag in the Glycosciences. To address this gap, we analyzed single-cell glycogene expressions in the Tabula Sapiens dataset of human tissues and cell types using a recent glycosylation-specific gene ontology (GlycoEnzOnto). At the median sequencing (count) depth, ~40-50 out of 400 glycogenes were detected in individual cells.

Divergent Learning-Related Transcriptional States of Cortical Glutamatergic Neurons.

Experience-dependent gene expression reshapes neural circuits, permitting the learning of knowledge and skills. Most learning involves repetitive experiences during which neurons undergo multiple stages of functional and structural plasticity. Currently, the diversity of transcriptional responses underlying dynamic plasticity during repetition-based learning is poorly understood.

Implementing Natural Image Quality Evaluator for Performance Indicator on Noise Artefacts Recovery in CT Scan.

The two most common evaluators for CT scan denoising are Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). This paper offers an alternative evaluator by utilizing of Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE) assessment to determine the performance of denoising work on noise artefact. The noise artefact was obtained during the cancer screening process and had a particular noise density pattern across the image.

Outcome findings of COVID-19 vaccine among 31 977 pregnant women in Indonesia.

Objective: We provide an overview of the safety of messenger RNA and inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and monitoring of pregnant women after COVID-19 vaccination. The vaccine safety outcome profile is beneficial for further recommendations of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy.

Methods: This research was conducted as descriptive research.

Single-cell transcriptional uncertainty landscape of cell differentiation.

Single-cell studies have demonstrated the presence of significant cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene expression. Whether such heterogeneity is only a bystander or has a functional role in the cell differentiation process is still hotly debated. In this study, we quantified and followed single-cell transcriptional uncertainty - a measure of gene transcriptional stochasticity in single cells - in 10 cell differentiation systems of varying cell lineage progressions, from single to multi-branching trajectories, using the stochastic two-state gene transcription model.

Exposure-safety and exposure-efficacy analyses for tisotumab vedotin for patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors.

The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) tisotumab vedotin (TV) received accelerated approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of adults with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (r/mCC) with disease progression on or after chemotherapy. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model, developed using dosing data from four clinical TV studies, was used to estimate individual exposure and explore safety and efficacy exposure-response (ER) relationships. Because PK analysis showed no appreciable accumulation of TV and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) with repeated dosing, cycle 1 exposure metrics and predicted average concentrations from time zero until end of the cycle in which an event occurred (C ) were used for ER analyses.

miRNA-21 as High Potential Prostate Cancer Biomarker in Prostate Cancer Patients in Indonesia.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the diagnostic performance of miRNA-21 to differentiate between Prostate Cancer (PCa) and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) patients in Indonesia.

Methods: Urine samples were collected from each PCa and BPH patient. miRNA-21 relative expression against the reference gene was analyzed and compared between the two.

3D Biomimetic Models to Reconstitute Tumor Microenvironment In Vitro: Spheroids, Organoids, and Tumor-on-a-Chip.

Decades of efforts in engineering in vitro cancer models have advanced drug discovery and the insight into cancer biology. However, the establishment of preclinical models that enable fully recapitulating the tumor microenvironment remains challenging owing to its intrinsic complexity. Recent progress in engineering techniques has allowed the development of a new generation of in vitro preclinical models that can recreate complex in vivo tumor microenvironments and accurately predict drug responses, including spheroids, organoids, and tumor-on-a-chip.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of the Green Microalgae over Ni/SBA-15 Prepared by the Ultrasonic-Assisted Sol-Gel Method.

The pyrolysis of the green microalgae in the absence and the presence of Ni/SBA-15 prepared by the ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel was investigated using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS). Pyrolysis experiments were performed at 350, 450, and 550 °C under helium (He) flow. In the absence of a catalyst, the chemical composition of pyrolysis products at different temperatures, based on the relative peak area, comprised protein/amino acid derivative products of 9-15%, carbohydrate derivative products of 5-10%, lipid derivative products of 13-26%, and chlorophyll derivative products of 24-26%.

Lithium in breast milk transiently affects the renal electrolytic balance of infants.

Background: The use of lithium during breast-feeding has not been comprehensively investigated in humans due to concerns about lithium toxicity.

Procedure: We analyzed lithium in the kidneys of nursed pups of lithium medicated mothers, using analytical spectroscopy in a novel rat model. The mothers were healthy rats administered lithium via gavage (1000 mg/day Li CO per 50 kg body weight).

Global genome decompaction leads to stochastic activation of gene expression as a first step toward fate commitment in human hematopoietic cells.

When human cord blood-derived CD34+ cells are induced to differentiate, they undergo rapid and dynamic morphological and molecular transformations that are critical for fate commitment. In particular, the cells pass through a transitory phase known as "multilineage-primed" state. These cells are characterized by a mixed gene expression profile, different in each cell, with the coexpression of many genes characteristic for concurrent cell lineages.

GlycoEnzOnto: a GlycoEnzyme pathway and molecular function ontology.

Motivation: The 'glycoEnzymes' include a set of proteins having related enzymatic, metabolic, transport, structural and cofactor functions. Currently, there is no established ontology to describe glycoEnzyme properties and to relate them to glycan biosynthesis pathways.

Results: We present GlycoEnzOnto, an ontology describing 403 human glycoEnzymes curated along 139 glycosylation pathways, 134 molecular functions and 22 cellular compartments.

Development of a multiplexing potency assay using upconverting nanoparticles-based luminescence resonance energy transfer.

A homogeneous particle-based immunoassay using upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) has been developed for multiplexing potency analysis of two different therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in a fixed-combination formulation.The UCNP, considered as the best donor lumiphore for luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET), offers long lasting excitation state and increased signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio due to low autofluorescence effect and light scattering from near infrared (NIR) excitation. In this study, the dose-response curves for each therapeutic mAb were generated using two distinct UCNPs.

Deep learning for neural decoding in motor cortex.

. Neural decoding is an important tool in neural engineering and neural data analysis. Of various machine learning algorithms adopted for neural decoding, the recently introduced deep learning is promising to excel.

Image Recovery from Synthetic Noise Artifacts in CT Scans Using Modified U-Net.

Computed Tomography (CT) is commonly used for cancer screening as it utilizes low radiation for the scan. One problem with low-dose scans is the noise artifacts associated with low photon count that can lead to a reduced success rate of cancer detection during radiologist assessment. The noise had to be removed to restore detail clarity.

Population pharmacokinetic analysis for tisotumab vedotin in patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic solid tumors.

Tisotumab vedotin is an investigational antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) for treatment of solid tumors expressing tissue factor with accelerated approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression during or after chemotherapy. This study describes development of a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model to assess the PK profile of tisotumab vedotin and microtubule-disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) using data from 399 patients with solid tumors across four phase I/II trials. The ADC-MMAE model describes ADC and MMAE concentrations following intravenous administration of tisotumab vedotin.

Metabolic adaptation of ovarian tumors in patients treated with an IDO1 inhibitor constrains antitumor immune responses.

To uncover underlying mechanisms associated with failure of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) blockade in clinical trials, we conducted a pilot, window-of-opportunity clinical study in 17 patients with newly diagnosed advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer before their standard tumor debulking surgery. Patients were treated with the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat, and immunologic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic characterization of the tumor microenvironment was undertaken in baseline and posttreatment tumor biopsies. IDO1 inhibition resulted in efficient blockade of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation and was accompanied by a metabolic adaptation that shunted tryptophan catabolism toward the serotonin pathway.

Integrating image analysis with single cell RNA-seq data to study podocyte-specific changes in diabetic kidney disease.

Podocyte injury plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Injured podocytes demonstrate variations in nuclear shape and chromatin distribution. These morphometric changes have not yet been quantified in podocytes.