Diagnostic Accuracy of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Using Ultrasonography for Raised Intracranial Pressure in Pediatric Patients - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Detecting increased intracranial pressure early in pediatric patients is essential, as early initiation of therapy prevents morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured via ultrasound for the prediction of increased intracranial pressure.

Methods: Four databases, namely, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL, were searched for this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lactate as an early prognostic indicator in yellow phosphorus rodenticide-induced acute hepatic failure: a retrospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: Acute hepatic failure due to yellow phosphorus rodenticide ingestion is often lethal. This study aimed to analyze demographic characteristics and prognostic indicators, focusing on hyperlactataemia as a potential early indicator of mortality in patients poisoned with yellow phosphorus rodenticide.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study of 96 patients poisoned with a yellow phosphorus-containing rodenticide (Ratol paste, which contains 3% yellow phosphorus).

Comparing Sensitivity and Specificity of Ultrasonography With Chest Radiography in Detecting Pneumothorax and Hemothorax in Chest Trauma Patients: A Cross-Sectional Diagnostic Study.

Background Thoracic trauma accounts for 20-25% of all traumas and is the third most frequent cause of death, after abdominal injury and head trauma. In the Emergency Department (ED), shifting an unstable patient to the X-ray room for detecting pneumothorax and hemothorax is always risky and bedside X-ray causes radiation exposure not only to the particular patient but also to the surrounding patients in a congested and busy ED. This can be avoided by using bedside ultrasonography (USG) as the initial imaging modality in chest trauma patients.

Clinico-Demographic Profile and Factors Affecting Duration of Hospital Stay Among Burn Patients in an Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Center, South India: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Burns continue to be a serious public health problem in India. It persists as an endemic disease in spite of implementing various preventive measures at the individual and community levels. Etiology and factors influencing burns are varied.

A Prospective Observational Study of Endotracheal Intubation Practices in an Academic Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India.

Introduction: Airway management is the first critical step to be addressed in the airway, breathing, and circulation algorithm for stabilizing critically ill patients. Since the emergency department (ED) is the primary contact of these patients in health care, doctors in the ED should be trained to perform advanced airway management. In India, emergency medicine has been recognized as a new specialty by the Medical Council of India (now the National Medical Commission) since 2009.

The ABCDE (Avoid Shaming/Personal Opinions, Build a Rapport, Choose a Communication Approach, Develop a Debriefing Content, Ensure the Ergonomics of Debriefing) Approach: A Simplified Model for Debriefing During Simulation in Emergency Medicine.

Several debriefing models have been described in the literature. However, all these debriefing models are designed in the general medical education format. Hence, for people involved in patient care and clinical teaching, sometimes it may become tedious and difficult to incorporate these models.

Tachycardia origin prediction using point of care ultrasound (TOP-UP) - A novel technique.

Narrow complex tachycardia (NCT) is often due to supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). SVT with aberrancy, preexcitation, paced rhythm, rate-dependent bundle branch block, preexisting conduction defects or SVT due to drugs, and electrolyte abnormality can also be wide complex. Wide-complex tachycardia (WCT) is often ventricular tachycardia (VT), but fascicular VT (fVT) can present as NCT.

A Rare Case of Limb-Threatening Injury Secondary to Extrinsic Vascular Compression Following Crocodile Bite.

Crocodile bites lead to fatal and nonfatal outcomes in humans. Mugger crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris) and saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) are common in India. Most crocodile bites can cause severe injuries, especially to the extremities, due to the substantial bite force of the crocodile, which typically leads to extensive tissue damage, fractures, amputations, and vascular injuries.

Defective barcode sign - A newer sonographic sign in hydropneumothorax.

Effusive pneumothorax can be hemopneumothorax, pyopneumothorax, or hydropneumothorax depending on the type of fluid compartment within the pleural cavity. Hydropneumothorax is the abnormal collection of air and serous fluid within the pleural cavity. Here, we report a case of a 34-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with cough and breathlessness.

Cardiac tamponade due to right atrial rupture.

Cardiac tamponade is a cardiac emergency that requires urgent intervention. Cardiac tamponade due to penetrating cardiac injury requires urgent thoracotomy. As per the guidelines, pericardiocentesis can be done as a bridge to thoracotomy.

Designing a universal tool for developing content of debriefing: The how and what questions.

Objectives: Clear and specific content for debriefing promotes learning and reflection for the learner. Currently, there is no universal tool for developing the content for debriefing.

Methods: We developed a tool for debriefing that can be applied for developing content for debriefing, which can be used for instructor-led and within-team debriefing.

'Hydro-point' - The forgotten and unspoken entity in hydropneumothorax.

Effusive pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air and fluid within the pleural space: blood, pus, or serous fluid. Thus, effusive pneumothorax can be categorized as hemopneumothorax, pyopneumothorax, or hydropneumothorax, depending on the type of fluid accumulation. Hydropneumothorax is a clinical condition defined by the presence of air and serous fluid within the pleura space.

Stanford - A Aortic Dissection Presenting as a Triple Mimic and Role of Point of Care Ultrasound in Deciphering It.

Aortic dissection (AD) is a great imitator, and its diagnosis is quite challenging due to its varied presentations and unreliable clinical findings. Based on the literature search we found, this is the first case report of Stanford-A/DeBakey Type 1 AD reported as a triple mimic, namely stroke, acute limb ischemia, and pericarditis. Here, we describe the case of a 46-year-old male who presented to our emergency department with features suggestive of acute pericarditis, cerebrovascular accident, acute limb ischemia, which could have been attributed to athero-thrombo-embolic disease and AD could have been possibly missed.

Need for a Change - Extended-FAST to Extended Diaphragmatic-FAST.

Post-traumatic hypoxia can be due to different causes, namely airway problems, pneumothorax, hemothorax, lung contusion, flail chest, traumatic diaphragmatic injuries (TDI), aspiration due to low sensorium, a respiratory paradox in cervical spine injury, severe hypotension, etc., It is a great challenge to identify the cause of hypoxia in a trauma setting because the contributing factors can be multiple or can be a remote cause, which is often missed out. Here, we describe a 50-year-old female who presented to our emergency department with Post-traumatic hypoxia whose sensorium, blood pressure, chest X-ray, E-FAST computed tomography of brain, and other baseline investigation were completely normal, diagnosed later as TDI with the help of diaphragmatic ultrasound and computed tomography of thorax.