Chronic moderate‑intensity exercise can induce physiological hypertrophy in aged cardiomyocytes through autophagy, with minimal Yap/Taz involvement.

Aging is known to cause increased comorbidities associated with cardiovascular decline. Physical exercises were known to be an effective intervention for the age-associated decline in cardiac function. Exercise caused physiological hypertrophy influenced by Yap/Taz, autophagy and myosin heavy chain (MHC) dynamics.

Exploring the potential regulation of DUOX in thyroid hormone‑autophagy signaling via IGF‑1 in the skeletal muscle (Review).

Dual oxidases (DUOX) are enzymes that have the main function in producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various tissues. DUOX also play an important role in the synthesis of HO, which is essential for the production of thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormones can influence the process of muscle development through direct stimulation of ROS, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mTOR and indirect effect autophagy and the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway.

Synergistic Effects of Turmeric, Strawberry and Broccoli in Improving Lipid Profile in Adult Patients with Hypercholesterolemia.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Turmeric, strawberries and broccoli are popular in the community for their beneficial effects in improving lipid profile, but poor bioavailability and absorption of their phytochemical compounds might reduce their effects while given separately. Therefore, their combination might provide a synergistic enhancement of their property as hypolipidemic agents. This study aims to examine the effects of turmeric, strawberry and broccoli in improving lipid profile in adult patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Biological evaluation of hydroxyapatite zirconium nanoparticle as a potential radiosensitizer for lung cancer X-ray induced photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy has been recognized as a viable approach for lung cancer treatment. Some photosensitizer agents are known as X-ray sensitive and could improve radiotherapy efficacy. The use of nanoparticles for drug delivery and as photosensitizer agents offers various advantages because of their rapid cellular accumulation and distribution into target organs.

Carotenoids in red fruit ( Lam.) have a potential role as an anti‑pigmentation agent (Review).

Melasma is a persistent condition characterized by excessive melanin production in the skin. The management of melasma necessitates a protracted treatment duration, which is associated with diminished levels of patient satisfaction. One effective strategy for mitigating occurrence of melasma is consumption of nutricosmetics with depigmentation properties.

Understanding the Roles of Selenium on Thyroid Hormone-Induced Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) are known to regulate lipid metabolism. A lower amount of BAT compared to WAT, along with adipose tissue dysfunction, can result in obesity. Studies have shown that selenium supplementation protects against adipocyte dysfunction, decreases WAT triglycerides, and increases BAT triiodothyronine (T).

The Role of Exercise-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Hormesis in Aging: Friend or Foe.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen derivatives that arise intrinsically from the oxidative phosphorylation process and extrinsically as a response to xenobiotics and pollution. ROS is involved in various conditions such as exercise, aging, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the aging process, increased cellular senescence and decreased endogenous antioxidants also occur.

MitoTEMPOL modulates mitophagy and histopathology of Wistar rat liver after streptozotocin injection.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the effect of mitoTEMPOL on histopathology, lipid droplet, and mitophagy gene expression of Wistar rat's liver after injection of streptozotocin (STZ).

Materials And Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Control (n=5); 100 mg/kg BW/day mitoTEMPOL orally (n=5); 50 mg/kg BW STZ intraperitoneal injection (n=5); and mitoTEMPOL+STZ (n=5). STZ was given a single dose, while mitoTEMPOL was given for 5 weeks after 1 week of STZ injection.

Potential role of β-carotene-modulated autophagy in puerperal breast inflammation (Review).

Puerperal breast inflammation is common in the first 6-8 weeks postpartum, and without proper management, may lead to a decrease in breastmilk production and early cessation of breastfeeding. Recent studies showed that carotenoids decrease the severity of puerperal breast inflammation. This article summarizes the significant findings on β-carotene with a potential role as an autophagy modulator in puerperal breast inflammation.

MitoTEMPOL Inhibits ROS-Induced Retinal Vascularization Pattern by Modulating Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rat-Injected Streptozotocin Model.

Diabetic retinopathy leads to retinal malfunction, blindness, and reduced quality of life in adult diabetes patients. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation stimulated by high blood glucose levels opens the opportunity for ROS modulator agents such as MitoTEMPOL. This study aims to explore the effect of MitoTEMPOL on ROS balance that may be correlated with retinal vascularization pattern, autophagy, and apoptosis in a streptozotocin-induced rat model.

Potential Role of Exercise in Regulating YAP and TAZ During Cardiomyocytes Aging.

Adaptation of cardiac muscle to regular exercise results in morphological and structural changes known as physiological cardiac hypertrophy, to which the Hippo signaling pathway might have contributed. Two major terminal effectors in the Hippo signaling pathway are Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). The latest studies have reported the role of YAP and TAZ in different life stages, such as in fetal, neonatal, and adult hearts.

Type, Intensity, and Duration of Exercise as Regulator of Gut Microbiome Profile.

Gut microbiome profile is related to individual health. In metabolic syndrome, there is a change in the gut microbiome profile, indicated by an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Many studies have been conducted to determine the effect of exercise on modifying the gut microbiome profile.

Leaves Extract Alters Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Adaptation.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Cardiomyocyte adaptation to exercise might require ROS as a central regulator. There is a limited study regarding the importance of ROS for inducing exercise-induced adaptation and its correlations with changes in histological scoring of cardiac muscles. The study aimed to explore the importance of physiological ROS induced by exercise and its correlation with Cardiomyocyte' histological appearance that is altered by <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves extract in Wistar rats.

The Role of Autophagy Modulated by Exercise in Cancer Cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is a syndrome experienced by many patients with cancer. Exercise can act as an autophagy modulator, and thus holds the potential to be used to treat cancer cachexia. Autophagy imbalance plays an important role in cancer cachexia, and is correlated to skeletal and cardiac muscle atrophy and energy-wasting in the liver.

Elaborating the Physiological Role of YAP as a Glucose Metabolism Regulator:A Systematic Review.

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is one of the Hippo pathway's two effectors, a pathway associated with organ size control. Research on YAP has focused on its oncogenic potential. However, in cancer cells, aside from inducing growth, YAP was also found to regulate glucose metabolism.

Different training intensities induced autophagy and histopathology appearances potentially associated with lipid metabolism in wistar rat liver.

Introduction: Aerobic training has a beneficial effect on enhancing liver functions. Autophagy might potentially play a role in preventing excessive lipid accumulation, regulating oxidative stress, and inflammation in the liver.

Objective: To investigate the potential linking role of autophagy-related gene expressions and protein levels with histopathology changes in Wistar rat livers after treadmill training under different intensities.

Tranexamic Acid Cream Protects Ultraviolet B-induced Photoaging in Balb/c Mice Skin by Increasing Mitochondrial Markers: Changes Lead to Improvement of Histological Appearance.

Tranexamic acid (TSA) is widely used as an antiaging treatment for reducing melasma and wrinkles. There are various mechanisms for wrinkle formation, and one of them is due to damage of the mitochondria. Research on mitochondria in the skin is very limited, so we are interested to see the changes that occur after application of TSA cream.

Adaptation of aerobic training essentially involved autophagy, mitochondrial marker and muscle fibre genetic modulation in rat cardiac muscles.

Information about the role of moderate acute treadmill training in modulating autophagy and mitochondrial markers that might be correlated with alteration of muscle fibre gene expression in rat cardiac muscles is very limited. In this present study, the researchers divided twenty male Wistar rats into four groups: sedentary control, 3, 6 and 15 days and subjected them to treadmill training with moderate intensity (20 m/min), 30 min each day. RNA was extracted from cardiac muscles and stored in temperature of -80°C.

Cardiac hypertrophy is stimulated by altered training intensity and correlates with autophagy modulation in male Wistar rats.

Background: The mechanism for cardiac hypertrophy process that would be a benefit for improvement of cardiovascular endurance needed to be investigated throughly. Specific intensity of training may play a role for homeostasis process in cardiac during training. In the present study, we examine the effect of different intensity of treadmill training on cardiac hypertrophy process and autophagy related gene expression in male wistar rats.

Alteration of Autophagy Gene Expression by Different Intensity of Exercise in Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles of Wistar Rats.

Exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation requires degradation of cellular components carried out by autophagy. However, the alteration of autophagy by different intensity of exercise in skeletal muscle is still unknown. In the present study, we investigate whether low, moderate, and high-intensity exercises have different impacts on autophagy gene expression in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of wistar rats.