ATG-F4 Alleviates Chronic Stress-induced Anhedonia by Modulating the Prefrontal Serotonergic System.

Mental health is influenced by the gut-brain axis; for example, gut dysbiosis has been observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Gut microbial changes by fecal microbiota transplantation or probiotics treatment reportedly modulates depressive symptoms. However, it remains unclear how gut dysbiosis contributes to mental dysfunction, and how correction of the gut microbiota alleviates neuropsychiatric disorders.

ATG-E1 improves particulate matter 10 plus diesel exhaust particles (PMD)-induced airway inflammation by regulating immune responses.

Particulate matter (PM) exposure can adversely affect respiratory function. Probiotics can alleviate the inflammatory responses in respiratory diseases. We examined the protective effects of ATG-E1 isolated from the feces of a newborn baby against airway inflammation in a PM plus diesel exhaust particle (DEP) (PMD)-induced airway inflammation model.

ATG-K2 Exerts an Anti-Obesity Effect in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiome.

Obesity is a major health problem. Compelling evidence supports the beneficial effects of probiotics on obesity. However, the anti-obesity effect of probiotics remains unknown.

Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 ameliorates type 2 diabetes in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in association with modulating the gut microbiota.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious metabolic disorder that occurs worldwide; however, this condition can be managed with probiotics. We assessed the potential therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 on hyperglycemia and T2DM and determined their potential mechanisms using mice with high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The diabetic model was established with an HFD and 50 mg kg STZ.

Quorum Sensing System Affects the Plant Growth Promotion Traits of GS2.

Quorum sensing (QS) enables bacteria to organize gene expression programs, thereby coordinating collective behaviors. It involves the production, release, and population-wide detection of extracellular signaling molecules. The cellular processes regulated by QS in bacteria are diverse and may be used in mutualistic coordination or in response to changing environmental conditions.

Beneficial Effects of Strains on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High Fat/High Fructose Diet-Fed Rats.

Emerging evidence suggests that probiotics are beneficial in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to explore the effects of two strains, ATG-K2 and ATG-K6 (isolated from Korean fermented cabbage), in a rat model of high fat/high fructose (HF/HF) diet-induced NAFLD. Rats with NAFLD were randomized into four groups (HF/HF diet control, (HC); HF/HF diet with silymarin, (PC); HF/HF diet with ATG-K2, (K2); and HF/HF diet with ATG-K6, (K6)) with healthy rats on a normal diet serving as the negative control.

Multidisciplinary and Comparative Investigations of Potential Psychobiotic Effects of Strains Isolated From Newborns and Their Impact on Gut Microbiota and Ileal Transcriptome in a Healthy Murine Model.

Psychobiotics are probiotic microorganisms that may exert positive influence on the psychological status of the host. Studies have revealed immunological and microbiological correlations of gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis, and have investigated psychobiotics based on the findings of the gut-brain axis. Considering their mode of actions, the present study sets anti-inflammatory effect, neurotransmitter modulation, and gut microbiota modulation as three essential criteria to evaluate ATG-F1 (F1), ATG-F3 (F3), and ATG-F4 (F4) isolated from newborns as psychobiotics candidates in a healthy mouse model and compares the results with a non-treated control group and an ampicillin-induced gut dysbiosis (Amp) group as a negative control.

Whole Genome Analysis of Strains Isolated From Kimchi and Determination of Probiotic Properties to Treat Mucosal Infections by and .

Three strains ATG-K2, ATG-K6, and ATG-K8 were isolated from Kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented food, and their probiotic potentials were examined. All three strains were free of antibiotic resistance, hemolysis, and biogenic amine production and therefore assumed to be safe, as supported by whole genome analyses. These strains demonstrated several basic probiotic functions including a wide range of antibacterial activity, bile salt hydrolase activity, hydrogen peroxide production, and heat resistance at 70°C for 60 s.

Expression and Characterization of Calcium- and Zinc-Tolerant Xylose Isomerase from G10.

The enzyme xylose isomerase (E.C. 5.

Mitochondrial Mutations in Cholestatic Liver Disease with Biliary Atresia.

Biliary atresia (BA) results in severe bile blockage and is caused by the absence of extrahepatic ducts. Even after successful hepatic portoenterostomy, a considerable number of patients are likely to show progressive deterioration in liver function. Recent studies show that mutations in protein-coding mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes and/or mitochondrial genes in nuclear DNA (nDNA) are associated with hepatocellular dysfunction.

The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the leucosiid crab (Arthropoda, Decapoda, Leucosiidae).

is known as leucosiid crab. So far, there is no study about whole mitochondrial genome in Leucosiidae family. Here, we report first the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome from , which is composed of 15,516 base pair encoding 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and A + T-rich region.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the greater wax moth (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae): sequence and phylogenetic analysis comparison based on whole mitogenome.

The larva of is widely used as a model organism for toxicology and pathogenicity testing. Here, we report complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) from , which is comprised of 15,320 base pairs encoding 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and an A + T rich region. The overall base composition was G + C: 19.

Emulating Host-Microbiome Ecosystem of Human Gastrointestinal Tract in Vitro.

The human gut microbiome performs prodigious physiological functions such as production of microbial metabolites, modulation of nutrient digestion and drug metabolism, control of immune system, and prevention of infection. Paradoxically, gut microbiome can also negatively orchestrate the host responses in diseases or chronic disorders, suggesting that the regulated and balanced host-gut microbiome crosstalk is a salient prerequisite in gastrointestinal physiology. To understand the pathophysiological role of host-microbiome crosstalk, it is critical to recreate in vivo relevant models of the host-gut microbiome ecosystem in human.

Complete genome sequence of the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus subterraneus KCTC 3922 as a potential denitrifier.

Denitrification is a crucial process for the global nitrogen cycle through the reduction of nitrates by heterotrophic bacteria. Denitrifying microorganisms play an important role in eliminating fixed nitrogen pollutants from the ecosystem, concomitant with NO emission. Although many microbial denitrifiers have been identified, little is known about the denitrifying ability of the genus Geobacillus.

Whole genome sequence of lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici strain S1.

Pediococcus acidilactici strain S1, a lactic acid-fermenting bacterium, was isolated from makgeolli-a Korean traditional fermented alcoholic beverage. Here we report the 1,980,172bp (G+C content, 42%) genome sequence of Pediococcus acidilactici strain S1 with 1,525 protein-coding sequences (CDS), of which 47% could be assigned to recognized functional genes. The genome sequence of the strain S1 might provide insights into the genetic basis of the lactic acid bacterium with alcohol-tolerant.

Complete genome analysis of Serratia marcescens RSC-14: A plant growth-promoting bacterium that alleviates cadmium stress in host plants.

Serratia marcescens RSC-14 is a Gram-negative bacterium that was previously isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of the Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum. The strain stimulates plant growth and alleviates Cd stress in host plants. To investigate the genetic basis for these traits, the complete genome of RSC-14 was obtained by single-molecule real-time sequencing.

The First Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Boswellia sacra, a Resin-Producing Plant in Oman.

Boswellia sacra (Burseraceae), a keystone endemic species, is famous for the production of fragrant oleo-gum resin. However, the genetic make-up especially the genomic information about chloroplast is still unknown. Here, we described for the first time the chloroplast (cp) genome of B.

Draft genome sequence of alcohol-tolerant bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici strain K3.

Pediococcus acidilactici strain K3 is an alcohol-tolerant lactic acid bacterium isolated from nuruk, which is a traditional Korean fermentation starter for makgeolli brewing. Draft genome of this strain was approximately 1,991,399bp (G+C content, 42.1%) with 1525 protein-coding sequences (CDS), of which 44% were assigned to recognized functional genes.

Host plant growth promotion and cadmium detoxification in Solanum nigrum, mediated by endophytic fungi.

Current investigation conducted to evaluate the associated fungal endophyte interactions of a Cd hyper-accumulator Solanum nigrum Korean ecotype under varying concentrations of Cd. Two indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing fungal strains, RSF-4L and RSF-6L, isolated from the leaves of S. nigrum, were initially screened for Cd tolerance and accumulation potential.

Genomic and phenotypic analyses of Serratia fonticola strain GS2: a rhizobacterium isolated from sesame rhizosphere that promotes plant growth and produces N-acyl homoserine lactone.

The genus Serratia incorporates many agriculturally important species. Serratia fonticola strain GS2, isolated from a sesame rhizosphere, can produce N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing signal molecules and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Here we report the complete genome sequence and phenotypic characteristics based on genomic information of this bacterium.

High quality draft genome sequence of the type strain of Pseudomonas lutea OK2(T), a phosphate-solubilizing rhizospheric bacterium.

Pseudomonas lutea OK2(T) (=LMG 21974(T), CECT 5822(T)) is the type strain of the species and was isolated from the rhizosphere of grass growing in Spain in 2003 based on its phosphate-solubilizing capacity. In order to identify the functional significance of phosphate solubilization in Pseudomonas Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, we describe here the phenotypic characteristics of strain OK2(T) along with its high-quality draft genome sequence, its annotation, and analysis. The genome is comprised of 5,647,497 bp with 60.

Draft genome sequence of sulfur-reducing archaeon Thermococcus thioreducens DSM 14981.

Thermococcus thioreducens DSM 14981, a sulfur-reducing archaeon, was isolated from the rainbow hydrothermal vent site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Herein, we report the draft genome sequence of T. thioreducens DSM 14981; we obtained 41 contigs with a genome size of 2,052,483bp and G+C content of 53.

Pathogenicity and genetic characteristics associated with cell adaptation of a virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp2 DEL strain CA-2.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most common and world-widespread viral pathogen of swine. We previously reported genomic sequences and pathogenicity of type 2 Korean PRRSV strains belonging to the virulent lineage 1 family, which contain remarkable amino acid deletions in nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2 DEL) compared to VR-2332. Here, a virulent type 2 Korean PRRSV nsp2 DEL strain, CA-2, was serially propagated in MARC-145 cells for up to 100 passages (CA-2-P100).

Draft genome sequence of a caprolactam degrader bacterium: Pseudomonas taiwanensis strain SJ9.

Pseudomonas taiwanensis strain SJ9 is a caprolactam degrader, isolated from industrial wastewater in South Korea and considered to have the potential for caprolactam bioremediation. The genome of this strain is approximately 6.2 Mb (G+C content, 61.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Kichulchoia multifasciata (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Cobitidae).

The Kichulchoia multifasciata (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) is one of the loaches and is endemic to Korea. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence consisted of 16 569 base pairs (bp) encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and 2 non-coding region. The overall base composition of K.