Characterisation of High Alkaline-Tolerant Novel Ulvan Lyase from : Potential Applications of Enzyme Derived Oligo-Ulvan as Anti-Diabetic Agent.

Green algae, particularly species, are rich in complex polysaccharides, such as ulvan, which have significant potential for biotechnological applications. However, the biochemical properties of ulvan depolymerised products remain underexplored. The enzymatic depolymerisation of ulvan has garnered attention owing to its cost advantages over alternative methods.

Lichenase and Cellobiohydrolase Activities of a Novel Bi-Functional β-Glucanase from the Marine Bacterium sp. J103.

In this study, we report the molecular and enzymatic characterisation of Spg103, a novel bifunctional β-glucanase from the marine bacterium sp. J103. Recombinant Spg103 (rSpg103) functioned optimally at 60 °C and pH 6.

Odd-Numbered Agaro-Oligosaccharides Produced by α-Neoagaro-Oligosaccharide Hydrolase Exert Antioxidant Activity in Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

Agarases produce agar oligosaccharides with various structures exhibiting diverse physiological activities. α-Neoagaro-oligosaccharide hydrolase (α-NAOSH) specifically cleaves even-numbered neoagaro-oligosaccharides, producing 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose (l-AHG) and odd-numbered agaro-oligosaccharides (OAOSs). In this study, α-NAOSH from the agar-degrading marine bacterium JEA5 (Gaa117) was purified and characterized using an expression system to produce OAOSs and determine their bioactivity.

Comparative Secretory Efficiency of Two Chitosanase Signal Peptides from Bacillus subtilis in Escherichia coli.

The production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli is often challenged by cytoplasmic expression due to proteolytic degradation and inclusion body formation. Extracellular expression can overcome these problems by simplifying downstream processing and improving protein yields. This study aims to compare the efficiency of two Bacillus subtilis chitosanase signal peptides in mediating extracellular secretion in E.

Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 1 (IFITM1) Is Downregulated in Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, is caused by mutations in the gene, which encodes the GTPase-activating protein neurofibromin. The pathogenesis of the tumor progression of benign plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) remain unclear. Here, we found that interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) was downregulated in MPNST tissues compared to those in PN tissues from patients with NF1.

Human cortical interneurons optimized for grafting specifically integrate, abort seizures, and display prolonged efficacy without over-inhibition.

Previously, we demonstrated the efficacy of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (cIN) grafts in ameliorating seizures. However, a safe and reliable clinical translation requires a mechanistic understanding of graft function, as well as the assurance of long-term efficacy and safety. By employing hPSC-derived chemically matured migratory cINs in two models of epilepsy, we demonstrate lasting efficacy in treating seizures and comorbid deficits, as well as safety without uncontrolled growth.

Impact of schizophrenia GWAS loci converge onto distinct pathways in cortical interneurons vs glutamatergic neurons during development.

Remarkable advances have been made in schizophrenia (SCZ) GWAS, but gleaning biological insight from these loci is challenging. Genetic influences on gene expression (e.g.

Neurofibromin Deficiency Causes Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Upregulation through the Activation of Ras/ERK/SP1 Signaling Pathway in Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheet Tumor.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant human genetic disorder. The progression of benign plexiform neurofibromas to malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumors (MPNSTs) is a major cause of mortality in patients with NF1. Although elevated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MPNST, the cause of EGFR overexpression remains unclear.

Migratory cortical interneuron-specific transcriptome abnormalities in schizophrenia.

Cortical interneurons (cINs) are substantially affected in Schizophrenia (SCZ) and enriched for SCZ heritability during development. To understand SCZ-specific changes in these cells during development, we isolated migratory cINs from cIN spheres derived from 5 healthy control (HC) and 5 SCZ induced pluripotent stem cell lines (iPSCs). Transcriptome analyses show dysregulation in extracellular matrix pathways as the major disturbances in SCZ migratory cINs, whereas sphere cINs show dysregulation in immune pathways.

Marine cyanobacterium Spirulina maxima as an alternate to the animal cell culture medium supplement.

Serum is a stable medium supplement for in vitro cell culture. Live cells are used in stem cell research, drug toxicity and safety testing, disease diagnosis and prevention, and development of antibiotics, drugs, and vaccines. However, use of serum in culture involves concerns such as an ethical debate regarding the collection process, lack of standardized ingredients, and high cost.

Activated microglia cause metabolic disruptions in developmental cortical interneurons that persist in interneurons from individuals with schizophrenia.

The mechanisms by which prenatal immune activation increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders are unclear. Here, we generated developmental cortical interneurons (cINs)-which are known to be affected in schizophrenia (SCZ) when matured-from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from healthy controls (HCs) and individuals with SCZ and co-cultured them with or without activated microglia. Co-culture with activated microglia disturbed metabolic pathways, as indicated by unbiased transcriptome analyses, and impaired mitochondrial function, arborization, synapse formation and synaptic GABA release.

Correction: iPSC-derived homogeneous populations of developing schizophrenia cortical interneurons have compromised mitochondrial function.

A correction to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

iPSC-derived homogeneous populations of developing schizophrenia cortical interneurons have compromised mitochondrial function.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Thus, studying pathogenetic mechanisms underlying SCZ requires studying the development of brain cells. Cortical interneurons (cINs) are consistently observed to be abnormal in SCZ postmortem brains.

A Novel Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 16 β-Agarase from the Agar-Utilizing Marine Bacterium JEA5: the First Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Agarase in Genus .

The agarase gene was identified from a draft genome sequence of JEA5, an agar-utilizing marine bacterium. Recently, three agarase-producing bacteria, , , and , in the genus were reported. However, there have been no reports of the molecular characteristics and biochemical properties of these agarases.

Flocculation Effect of Alkaline Electrolyzed Water (AEW) on Harvesting of Marine Microalga sp.

Microalgae hold promise as a renewable energy source for the production of biofuel, as they can convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. However, cost-efficient harvest of microalgae remains a major challenge to commercial-scale algal biofuel production. We first investigated the potential of electrolytic water as a flocculant for harvesting sp.

A Newly Identified Glutaminase-Free ʟ-Asparaginase (ʟ-ASPG86) from the Marine Bacterium Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens.

ʟ-Asparaginase (E.C. 3.

Draft genome of agar-degrading marine bacterium Gilvimarinus agarilyticus JEA5.

Gilvimarinus agarilyticus JEA5, which effectively degrades agar, was isolated from the seawater of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of G. agarilyticus JEA5 with a total genome size of 4,179,438bp from 2 scaffolds (21 contigs) with 53.

TAGLN expression is upregulated in NF1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors by hypomethylation in its promoter and subpromoter regions.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) caused by NF1 gene mutation is a commonly inherited autosomal dominant disorder. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), a type of aggressive sarcoma, are a major cause of mortality in NF1 patients. The malignant transformation of benign plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) to MPNSTs is a marked peculiarity in NF1 patients, yet the pathogenesis remains poorly understood.