Publications by authors named "Gun Yoon"
Article Synopsis
- Researchers created a double-transgenic mouse model that expresses both human ACE2 and TMPRSS2 to study how SARS-CoV-2 infects and harms the body.* -
- These mice exhibited severe weight loss, lung injury, and high susceptibility to the virus, making them a useful model for investigating disease mechanisms.* -
- Treatment with the TMPRSS2 inhibitor nafamostat showed promise in reducing weight loss and virus replication, indicating potential therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.*
SARS-CoV-2 aberrantly elevates mitochondrial bioenergetics to induce robust virus propagation.
Signal Transduct Target Ther
May 2024
Article Synopsis
- SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and can cause severe multi-organ damage, but its effects on cellular changes are not fully understood.
- The study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 increases mitochondrial bioenergetics and activates the EGFR-mediated survival signaling, enhancing mitochondrial functions and ATP production which aids in viral replication.
- Treatment with the EGFR inhibitor vandetanib significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2 propagation in infected cells and mice, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target against COVID-19 and its variants.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes neurological diseases, focusing on inflammation mechanisms in an adult mouse model.
- ZIKV infection leads to increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, causing macrophage activation and enhancing neuroinflammation without showing microgliosis.
- Findings suggest that ZIKV triggers IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses and complement activation, contributing to neurodegenerative processes linked to ZIKV-related neurological impairments.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates how SARS-CoV-2 affects the eyes and nervous system in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice using different infection methods.* -
- Mice infected through their noses showed ocular inflammation and cytokine production, while intratracheal infection allowed the virus to travel from the lungs to the brain and eyes.* -
- The research confirms that the virus can affect the eyes and nervous system but eye drops do not lead to lung infection, offering insights that may enhance understanding of COVID-19's transmission and symptoms.*
The recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted the importance of indoor ventilation. In particular, ventilation is crucial in residential spaces and workspaces, where people spent most of their day. Natural ventilation is a cost-effective method for improving indoor ventilation.
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- A study investigated the beta variant of SARS-CoV-2, finding it leads to slower disease progression early on but can cause sudden death later in infected mice.
- The beta variant enhances the activation of certain immune signaling pathways, leading to increased neutrophil recruitment and lung damage compared to the ancestral strain.
- Blockading the cytokine CCL2 during early infection reduced weight loss and delayed mortality, highlighting the potential for targeted treatments against this variant.
Article Synopsis
- SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to various neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, significantly affecting microglial immune responses in the brain.
- The virus can directly infect human microglia, causing them to become proinflammatory (M1-like) and subsequently resulting in cell death through inflammatory responses and apoptotic processes.
- Findings in transgenic mice show that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers chronic microglial damage and highlights the potential for targeting microglia in therapies for neurological issues related to COVID-19.
Article Synopsis
- SARS-CoV-2, an RNA virus, evolves rapidly due to the low accuracy of its viral polymerase, leading to new variants classified as variants of concern (VOCs) like alpha, beta, gamma, and delta.
- Research has shown that these VOCs differ in plaque size, thermal stability, and replication rates, with beta having the largest plaque size and alpha displaying high thermal stability but lower replication rates.
- Understanding these variances in VOCs is crucial for informing future virological studies and managing the COVID-19 pandemic effectively.
Article Synopsis
- COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged in 2019 and has become a significant global health threat, highlighting the need for effective treatments.
- Research focused on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, which has shown potential for antiviral activity in related coronaviruses, aimed to explore its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.
- The study revealed that a highly purified RBD protein fused with the Fc domain of human IgG demonstrated strong antiviral effects and could prevent virus attachment in mouse lungs, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic option for COVID-19.
Article Synopsis
- * The study evaluated the efficiency of -1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (PRF) in MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, leading to the discovery of a compound, KCB261770, that effectively inhibits frameshifting and viral propagation in MERS-CoV.
- * KCB261770 shows potential as a pan-coronavirus therapeutic agent, inhibiting frameshifting in various coronaviruses without affecting cap-dependent translation, and outperformed other tested derivatives.
Article Synopsis
- Zika virus (ZIKV) has rapidly spread globally and is linked to severe human diseases, particularly in the context of co-infection with dengue virus (DENV), which can worsen outcomes due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE).
- Currently, there are no approved antiviral treatments for ZIKV and DENV, making the NS2B-NS3 viral protease a promising target for new drugs because it is crucial for the virus's replication process.
- Researchers identified a new compound, referred to as compound 1, that effectively inhibits the NS2B-NS3 protease and both ZIKV and DENV infections in human cells, suggesting it could serve as a potential therapeutic option to combat these viruses and mitigate
Robust and persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human intestinal brush border expressing cells.
Emerg Microbes Infect
December 2020
Article Synopsis
- * The intestinal cells used in the research demonstrated strong viral replication capabilities and could be continuously infected, aligning with reports of lasting GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
- * The findings highlight the role of ACE2 expression in facilitating infection, while also noting that the differentiation of intestinal cells influences the levels of ACE2 and subsequently viral propagation in the GI tract.
Article Synopsis
- The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, resulting in over 3.6 million confirmed COVID-19 cases and over 254,000 deaths by May 2020, presenting a significant global health challenge.
- Despite the urgent need, there are currently no approved antiviral treatments specifically for COVID-19, prompting efforts to repurpose existing antiviral drugs used for other viruses like HIV and Ebola.
- The review emphasizes the importance of combining repurposed drugs and employing structure-based drug design to target the virus effectively, while also discussing the structural features of potential therapeutic targets related to COVID-19.
Deep Learning-Based Super-resolution Ultrasound Speckle Tracking Velocimetry.
Ultrasound Med Biol
March 2020
Article Synopsis
- Deep ultrasound localization microscopy (deep-ULM) can achieve high-resolution imaging, but concerns exist about the use of contrast agents due to associated risks.
- The study introduces a new technique called deep learning-based super-resolution ultrasound (DL-SRU) that uses a convolutional neural network to accurately localize red blood cells and reconstruct vessel geometries without needing contrast agents.
- DL-SRU not only demonstrates improved accuracy in vessel imaging and flow dynamics but also matches the speed and precision of deep-ULM, making it a promising tool for clinical applications.
Article Synopsis
- The paper presents a nature-inspired lubricant-infused surface designed to reduce drag in fluid flows, which can help save energy and improve efficiency.
- The authors provide a correction for errors found in the original study, emphasizing the importance of accurate data in the development of these innovative materials.
- This work contributes to ongoing research on sustainable technologies by addressing challenges in fluid dynamics and material science.
Article Synopsis
- Reducing frictional drag on marine vehicles can lead to significant economic and environmental advantages, and a lubricant-infused surface (LIS) modeled after the Nepenthes pitcher plant shows promise for this purpose.
- The study introduces a new biomimetic LIS featuring re-entrant shaped cavities, inspired by the mucus systems of certain aquatic animals, to enhance the sustainability of the lubricant even under harsh conditions.
- Experimental results reveal that this biomimetic LIS achieves about 18% frictional drag reduction and maintains its effectiveness under high shear flow, suggesting a durable solution for practical drag reduction needs.
Article Synopsis
- - A new portable platform has been developed for fast and accurate classification of microparticles, improving upon traditional methods that require bulky equipment and have moderate performance.
- - The platform combines smartphone-based digital in-line holographic microscopy with machine learning, allowing it to automatically identify different microparticle types using a compact design (4 x 8 x 10 cm) and weighing only 220 grams.
- - The system records holograms of polystyrene microparticles (2-50 μm) and utilizes a support vector machine model trained on key parameters, achieving over 98% accuracy in classification, making it suitable for mobile healthcare and environmental monitoring applications.
Analysis of the signaling mechanism triggered by endotoxin-mediated toll-like receptor-4 activation using immune cell systems or rodent models may help identify potential agents for the prevention of Gram-negative bacteria infection. β-agarase cleaves the β-1,4-linkages of agar to produce neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOs), which have various physiological functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of NAOs in preventing experimental sepsis caused by the administration of endotoxin or Gram-negative bacteria.
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- * The study finds that DP6 promotes the maturation of dendritic cells and enhances the activation of natural killer (NK) cells through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in both lab settings and living organisms.
- * DP6 shows potential as an immune booster against melanoma by improving antitumor immunity via the activation of DC-mediated NK cells, suggesting it could be a valuable adjuvant for melanoma treatment.
Extrauterine epithelioid trophoblastic tumor in hysterectomized woman.
Obstet Gynecol Sci
January 2017
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a very rare variant of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) which arises in reproductive age women with prior gestational history. Although abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most common symptom of ETT, there are no reported pathognomonic symptoms of ETT because of its rarity. ETT is similar to placental site trophoblastic tumor in terms of its slow growing characteristic and microscopic findings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the uterine cervix is exceedingly uncommon. We herein report a rare case of cervical LELC. A 45-year-old woman was admitted to gynecology department with vaginal bleeding for one month.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApplication of Baechu-Kimchi Powder and GABA-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria for the Production of Functional Fermented Sausages.
Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour
December 2017
This study was carried out to determine the physicochemical, microbiological, and quality characteristics of a new type of fermented sausage manufactured by incorporating Baechu-kimchi powder and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The LAB count was at the maximum level by day nine of ripening in inoculated sausages, accompanied by a rapid decrease in the pH. The addition of kimchi powder decreased the lightness (L*) and increased the redness (a*) and, yellowness (b*) values, while also significantly increasing the hardness and chewiness of the sausage (<0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe influence of environmental stressors on the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disease has received increased awareness. Stress affects different physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow. Repeated exposures of rapid-onset, highly-sustained hypergravity cause severe physical stress in the pilot.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFp16 is a negative regulator of cell proliferation and is considered a tumor suppressor protein. Alterations in p16 protein expression are associated with tumor development and progression. However, the p16 expression status in the peritumoral stroma has not been investigated in the endometrium.
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