Publications by authors named "Gumerova A"
Vasopressin (AVP), a nonapeptide synthesized predominantly by magnocellular hypothalamic neurons, is conveyed to the posterior pituitary the pituitary stalk, where AVP is secreted into the circulation. Known to regulate blood pressure and water homeostasis, it also modulates diverse social behaviors, such as pair-bonding, social recognition and cognition in mammals including humans. Importantly, AVP modulates social behaviors in a gender-specific manner, perhaps, due to gender differences in the distribution in the brain of AVP and its main receptor AVPR1a.
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- High levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in post-menopausal women are linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as shown by studies in mice.
- Mice lacking FSH receptors displayed improved spatial memory, indicating that blocking FSH signaling can help prevent memory loss related to aging and AD-like pathology.
- The findings suggest that targeting FSH could be a potential strategy for preventing memory deficits in post-menopausal women.
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- The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a significant role in regulating bone metabolism, with abundant SNS innervation found in the periosteum and bone marrow, consisting of specific nerve fibers.
- Using a viral tracing method, researchers have identified 87 specific brain nuclei that send SNS signals to bone, revealing the complexity of this neural connection.
- Certain brain areas, like the raphe magnus and periaqueductal gray, show higher levels of SNS activity, emphasizing the importance of these sites in understanding bone metabolism and pain regulation.
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- The pituitary gland secretes tropic hormones that regulate various endocrine organs and are involved in functions like skeletal modeling, metabolism, and cognitive processes.
- Hormones like FSH, traditionally known for their role in reproductive health, also play significant roles in fat and bone metabolism as well as cognition.
- Research shows that understanding the broader functions of FSH may lead to new therapeutic options for health issues related to menopause, including osteoporosis, obesity, and dementia.
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- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to high levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in post-menopausal women, which may trigger memory loss and AD-like symptoms in mice.
- A study tested different groups of female mice (some unoperated, some with surgery, and some undergoing ovariectomy) and found that gene-deletion of FSH receptor (Fshr) improved spatial memory and recognized memory, highlighting a gene-dose effect.
- Overall, the research suggests that lower FSH levels could have protective benefits against memory loss associated with aging and AD, as indicated by better memory retention in mice with reduced FSH signaling.
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- The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a significant role in bone metabolism, with nerves found in the periosteum and bone marrow showing evidence of noradrenergic fibers.
- Recent research using pseudorabies (PRV) tracing has identified 87 brain nuclei that send efferent SNS signals to bone, highlighting the complexity of this communication.
- Specific regions, like the raphe magnus and periaqueductal gray, exhibit varying levels of SNS activity, leading to new insights into how these neural pathways could be linked to bone health and pain management.
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- Clinical studies suggest that luteinizing hormone (LH), typically known for its role in fertility, may also influence cognitive decline and mood disorders in aging, particularly in post-menopausal women.
- The study utilized various behavioral tests on 12-month-old mice lacking LH signaling to explore its impact on cognitive and emotional behaviors, revealing that these mice did not show the anxiety seen in wild type mice.
- The findings indicate that loss of LH signaling can reverse certain age-related emotional issues, potentially paving the way for future treatments targeting LH activity.
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- Seasonal changes in food intake and body fat in animals are influenced by changes in light duration, regulated by melatonin from the pineal gland.
- The mediobasal hypothalamus plays a key role in integrating these seasonal variations through the detection of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- Tanycytes in the hypothalamus are involved in regulating energy balance and modulating the blood-hypothalamus barrier, with TSH having potential effects beyond traditional single-target actions.
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- The last ten years have greatly improved our understanding of how bones stay healthy and how diseases can cause bone loss, focusing on genetic mutations and animal models.* -
- Bone cells interact and influence each other's roles through various signaling systems and developmental pathways, highlighting their integrated function in maintaining bone health.* -
- The skeleton communicates with other organs, affecting overall metabolism, and recent studies have revealed complex connections involving hormones and immune responses that are vital for bone remodeling and disease treatment.*
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- Recent research highlights follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a target for treating diseases like osteoporosis, obesity, and Alzheimer's, with findings showing that blocking FSH can prevent various health issues in mice.
- The development of a humanized FSH-blocking antibody called MS-Hu6 has shown promise in preventing osteoporosis in mice and has safe initial testing in monkeys, demonstrating effective localization to bone and bone marrow.
- MS-Hu6 has been optimized for stability and safety, showing no immunogenic responses in human cell cultures, making it ready for potential future human clinical trials.
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- There’s growing evidence that anterior pituitary hormones affect various body tissues beyond their usual single-target roles, influencing bone, fat, liver, and even brain functions.
- The study created a detailed neuroanatomical atlas showcasing the expression of three receptors (TSHR, LHCGR, FSHR) across numerous brain regions using advanced RNA detection technologies.
- This research reveals high expression of these receptors in key brain areas, potentially linking hormone receptor activity to somatic functions and opening pathways for understanding human diseases, including Alzheimer’s.
Article Synopsis
- - Alzheimer's disease is more common in older women, especially during menopause, and is linked to factors like body fat, energy regulation, and bone loss.
- - In mice, reducing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels leads to decreased body fat, improved bone health, and lower cholesterol.
- - The study shows that FSH contributes to Alzheimer's symptoms by accelerating harmful protein buildup in the brain, and blocking FSH can potentially help treat Alzheimer's and related conditions.
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- - Erythroblast erythroferrone (ERFE) helps increase iron availability for red blood cell production by inhibiting hepcidin expression through interaction with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs).
- - Research using mouse models shows that ERFE is more actively expressed in bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) than in red blood cell precursors and plays a role in regulating bone density through modulation of signaling pathways, impacting the development of osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells).
- - The findings suggest that ERFE protects against excessive bone loss by inhibiting factors that promote osteoclast formation, particularly during conditions such as β-thalassemia where erythropoiesis is increased.
First-in-class humanized FSH blocking antibody targets bone and fat.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
November 2020
Article Synopsis
- Blocking FSH in mice leads to reduced body fat, lower cholesterol levels, and increased bone mass, suggesting potential treatment for obesity, osteoporosis, and high cholesterol.
- Researchers developed a fully humanized antibody that effectively blocks FSH, demonstrating strong binding and stability in tests.
- This new antibody significantly inhibits FSH activity in lab assays, paving the way for future testing in preclinical and clinical settings.
Article Synopsis
- Research in biomedicine is increasingly relying on knowledge and technologies from various fields, making collaboration essential.
- The authors share insights gained from working in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary teams.
- Their experiences encouraged them to broaden their research focus beyond just bone biology.
Repurposing erectile dysfunction drugs tadalafil and vardenafil to increase bone mass.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
June 2020
Article Synopsis
- Two common erectile dysfunction drugs, tadalafil and vardenafil, help increase bone density in mice by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone loss.
- These drugs work by targeting the enzyme phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), which is found in both bones and certain brain areas, suggesting a complex interaction between bone health and the nervous system.
- Interestingly, while vardenafil is more effective than tadalafil in humans, the opposite is true in mice, likely due to differences in how these drugs bind to the mouse version of PDE5A.
The primitive neurohypophyseal nonapeptide oxytocin (OXT) has established functions in parturition, lactation, appetite, and social behavior. We have shown that OXT has direct actions on the mammalian skeleton, stimulating bone formation by osteoblasts and modulating the genesis and function of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. We deleted OXT receptors (OXTRs) selectively in osteoblasts and osteoclasts using and mice, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. Leukocyte infiltration of brain tissue and the subsequent inflammation, demyelination, axonal damage, and formation of sclerotic plaques is a hallmark of MS. Upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines has been suggested to play an essential role in regulating lymphocyte migration in MS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of our study was to analyze the expression of one of the markers of progenitor cell of different cell types - CD 117 (C-kit) - in human pancreas during prenatal development. The pancreas of human embryos and fetuses at 4-28 weeks of gestation as well as of infants aged up to 2nd postnatal month, was studied. In histological sections, the immunocytochemical reactions were performed with the antibodies against C-kit, insulin and glucagon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe work is devoted to consequent expression of different cell types' protein markers such as vimentin, desmin, cytokeratins 7, 18, 19, stem cell markers CD34 and Bcl-2 at early stages of human prenatal development. Desmin was revealed in sinusoidal liver cells on 3.5-12 weeks of gestation, in mesenchymal cells of ventral mesentery and hepatoblasts on the 4-7 accordingly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCultured pure population of Ito cells isolated from adult rat liver expressed epithelial markers cytokeratin-8, alpha-fetoprotein, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase after forming a dense monolayer. Mesenchymal-epithelial transformation of these cells is possible, which suggests them as candidates of hepatic stem cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe evaluated the relationship between pathological changes in the liver and the state of intestinal microflora in rats with experimental dysbiosis. Changes in the intestinal microflora were accompanied by alteration of the morphological structure in the liver. Enhanced proliferation of Ito cells served as an indirect evidence of damage to the liver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis review regards the Ito cells, which constitute one of the four types of liver sinusoidal cells. These cells synthesize many cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins. The Ito cells make an important link in retinoid metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe have used biochemical and immunohistochemical methods to study lipid peroxidation and activation of Ito cells in rat liver after a single administration of lead nitrate, a "direct mitogen". Lead nitrate was shown to injure hepatocytes through an increased lipid peroxidation. Response to the injury included increase in the proliferative activity of parenchymal and sinusoidal liver cells.
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