Complete genome characterization by nanopore sequencing of rotaviruses A, B, and C circulating on large-scale pig farms in Russia.

Background: Rotaviruses are the major etiological agents of gastroenteritis and diarrheal outbreaks in plenty of mammalian species. The genus Rotavirus is highly diverse and currently comprises nine genetically distinct species, and four of them (A, B, C, and H) are common for humans and pigs. There is a strong necessity to comprehend phylogenetic relationships among rotaviruses from different host species to assess interspecies transmission, specifically between humans and livestock.

Genetic diversity of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 circulating among wild boars in the Moscow Region of Russia.

Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are widely distributed in swine herds. PCV2, the significant swine pathogen, causes infections characterized by growth and development disorders, skin lesions, and respiratory distress. PCV3 has been circulating worldwide and can be associated with various clinical signs and disease developments.

[Adaptation of african swine fever virus (Asfarviridae: )to growth in the continuous culture PPK-66b cells by the method of accelerated passaging].

Introduction: African swine fever virus (ASF) is a large, enveloped virus with an icosahedral capsid morphology and a double-stranded DNA genome ranging in size from 170 to 190 kb. The replication cycle proceeds in two phases, the early phase lasting 4-6 hours and the late 8-20 hours after infection. The adaptation of the ASF virus to growth in continuous cell lines makes efficient and reliable genetic analysis and more accurate interpretation of its results.

[Persistent form of bovine viral diarrhea].

The review provides an analysis of literature data on the persistent form of Bovine Viral diarrhea/Mucosal disease (BVD) and is focused on virus and host factors, including those related to immune response, that contribute the persistence of the virus. BVD is a cattle disease widespread throughout the world that causes significant economic damage to dairy and beef cattle. The disease is characterized by a variety of clinical signs, including damage to the digestive and respiratory organs, abortions, stillbirths and other failures of reproductive functions.

Metagenomic Approach Reveals the Second Subtype of PRRSV-1 in a Pathogen Spectrum during a Clinical Outbreak with High Mortality in Western Siberia, Russia.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has a significant economic impact on pig farming worldwide by causing reproductive problems and affecting the respiratory systems of swine. In Eastern Europe, PRRSV-1 strains are characterized by high genetic variability, and pathogenicity differs among all known subtypes. This case study describes the detection of a wide pathogen spectrum, including the second subtype PRRSV-1, with a high mortality rate among nursery piglets (23.

Distribution and genetic diversity of Feline calicivirus in Moscow metropolitan area.

Background: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is widespread throughout the world. An FCV infection is associated with conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and mouth ulcers that can lead to the animal's death. Because vaccination is not always effective, it is necessary to monitor the infection regularly.

DETECTION OF IN THREE FILE SNAKES () IMPORTED FROM INDONESIA TO THE MOSCOW ZOO (RUSSIA).

Three file snakes () were delivered to the Moscow Zoo (Russia) from Jakarta (Indonesia). Shortly after arrival, multiple white blisters were detected on their bodies. All three snakes died within a month of arrival.

[Formation of population gene pools of zoonotic viruses, potentially threatening biosafety].

The possible formation of population gene pools of zoonotic viruses with a respiratory route of transmission and a possibility of a pandemic at different stages of biosphere evolution is analyzed. Forming of Poxviruses  (Entomopoxvirinae) gene pool could be the beginning of transformation from Plants to Arthropoda (Carbon - 375 million years ago) with further evolution connected with Rodentia (Pliocene - 75-70 million years ago) and further separation of genera (500-300 thousand years ago), and respiratory transmission (epidemics) between humans (10-2 thousand years BC). Smallpox comeback would be possible.

Full-genome analysis and pathogenicity of a genetically distinct Russian PRRSV-1 Tyu16 strain.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-1 (PRRSV-1) strains from Eastern Europe have a high diversity. All three known subtypes (1, 2, 3) of PRRSV-1 have been detected in Russia. There are two different groups of viruses belonging to the subtype 1: pan-European subtype 1 strains, and insufficiently studied Russian strains.

[Comparative molecular and genetic characterization of rabies viruses (Rabies lyssavirus, Lyssavirus, Rhabdoviridae) circulated in the Russian Federation in 1985-2016.].

Introduction: Rabies caused by the neurotropic virus of the genus Lyssavirus, Rhabdoviridae family, which infects all warm-blooded vertebrates including human beings. The homology level of the amino acid sequences for Lyssaviruses nucleoprotein reaches 78-93%. Aim - study the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Lyssaviruses circulated in the Russian Federation in 1985-2016.

MOLECULAR-GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF FIELD ISOLATES OF RABIES VIRUS IDENTIFIED IN THE TERRITORY OF VLADIMIR, MOSCOW, TVER, NIZHNY NOVGOROD AND RYAZAN REGIONS.

The article presents a molecular genetic study of genomes of field isolates of rabies virus isolated in the Vladimir, Moscow, Tver, Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan regions, with the aim of carrying out phylogenetic analysis. We studied 20 samples of purified PCR products containing the rabies virus nucleoprotein. The samples were provided by the Vladimir veterinary service.

Monitoring of rabies in wild animals in the Kirov region after oral immunization.

This work presents the results of the molecular genetic research on genomes of field isolates of the rabies virus circulating in the territory of the Kirov region in order to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between the wild isolate genomes and to determine the possible reversion of the vaccine strain of the rabies virus used in the oral vaccine to virulent variant. We studied 24 brain samples from wild carnivores shot after oral immunization of the area with Rabivak-O/333. A bait with the vaccine provided by the Veterinary Service of the Kirov was also studied.

[Two cases of hydrophobia in the Republic of Tatarstan: in vivo and postmortem laboratory diagnosis].

The results of rabies in vivo and postmortem laboratory detection in two cases registered in the Republic of Tatarstan are reported: a victim bitten by a wolf in 2002 and another one bitten by a stray dog on Goa Island, India, in 2013. In the patient bitten by a wolf cornea imprints studies using the method of fluorescent antibodies (MFA) showed rabies-positive result 6 days before the patient's death. The results were confirmed by postmortem examination of different parts of the brain and salivary glands using the MFA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), optical microscopy, and bioassay methods.