[Metabolic changes in the rat liver during emotional stress].

Emotional stress of rats is accompanied by essential alterations in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in the liver. These alterations were observed over a few days after the termination of stressor action. Perhaps it is one of the trigger mechanisms responsible for pathological changes in the organism.

[Change in the intensity of biosynthesis of proteins, lipids and glycogen in animal tissues during long-term administration of morphine].

The intensity of biosynthesis processes in animal organism has been studied as affected by long-term administration of morphine. It was established that morphine administration to rats for five weeks intensified protein biosynthesis in the brain, kidneys, skeletal muscles: specific radioactivity of blood serum proteins also increased. Incorporation of 2-/14C/glycine label to the brain, cardiac and skeletal muscles increased as affected by morphine: the label incorporation to the liver lipids decreased and that to the kidney and spleen lipids did not change.

[Features of metabolic disorders in the liver during morphine poisoning of various duration].

Administration of morphine into rats at a dose of 30 mg/kg within 6 days led to a decrease in total rate of tRNA aminoacylation in liver tissue. Content of lactate, pyruvate, malate and alpha-ketoglutarate was decreased within 6 days-long course of morphine administration, while content of lactate was only altered after 5 weeks of the intoxication. Adaptation reactions appear to be increased with time in long-term intoxication with morphine.

[Structure and properties of collagen in leukemia].

Collagen I was isolated from human bone tissue and from mice bone tissue of the AKR-50 strain at the pronounced stage of leukosis. Dissimilarity of native and leukemic collagens was exhibited after evaluation of their amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel containing SDS, content of the carbohydrate moiety as well as of isopoints, elution profiles in reverse-phase chromatography and gel filtration and electron microscopy of SLS-crystallites. Impairments of collagen processing in leukemia appear to be responsible for its alterations in structure and properties.

[Correction with formate of metabolic disorders in alcoholic intoxication].

Formate was studied for its effect on the content of acetaldehyde, activity of the total aldehyde dehydrogenase, content of substrates of glycolysis and tricarbonic-cycle and pool of free amino acids of rat tissues during alcohol intoxication. The introduction of formate during the acute alcohol intoxication lowers the acetaldehyde content in the blood; the ethanol load being prolonged--it increases the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase and normalizes the content of pyruvate, glutamate and malate in the liver and glutamate and oxaloacetate in the brain, that evidences for the correction of metabolic disturbances in the organism.

[Reaction of glycine with acetoacetate and various properties of the catalyzing enzyme from the rat liver].

The enzymic interaction between acetoacetate and glycine which are added outside is established to occur in the tissue homogenates of the liver, kidneys and spleen of rats. The interaction leads to a decrease of the both components in the equivalent quantities. Homogeneous crystalline preparations of the enzyme catalyzing the above mentioned reaction are isolated from the liver tissues and purified.

[The effect of ethanol on the initial stage of protein biosynthesis in the rat liver].

After administration of ethanol into rats at a dose of 1.63 g/kg of body mass within two weeks the rate of sRNA aminoacylation was decreased if 14C-leucine and 14C chlorella protein hydrolysate were used. Addition of the alcohol into incubation media caused the ethanol-dependent inhibition of sRNA aminoacylation by valine.

[Characteristics of the structure and specificity of aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA-synthetases from muscle tissue of long-fasting rabbits].

Amino acid compositions of aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA synthetases from the muscles of long-fasting and normal rabbits were studied. Certain differences in amino acid content of fasted and normal rabbits were found. The possibility of incorrect aminoacylation was shown for the tRNA and amino-acyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) from the muscles of experimental animals.

[Various metabolic reactions of formate in animal tissues].

A new metabolic reaction of the aldolase condensation between formic acid and acetaldehyde proceeding with the formation of milk acid is detected in the liver of rats. Milk acid has been determined by chemical, enzymic and autoradiographic methods. Homogeneous preparations of the enzyme which catalyzes the mentioned reactions and is called lactate synthase are obtained in the crystalline form.

[Effect of the mineral-ammonia preparations MP-15 and MP-7 on nitrogen metabolism in cows].

It has been studied how MP-15 and MP-7 preparations fed on to lactating cows affect the indices of acid-base equilibrium of their blood, nitrogen metabolism, milk yield and milk quality. It is shown that feeding on MP-15 and MP-7 preparations to cows of test groups has no negative effect on the acid-base equilibrium indices, decreases the ammonia concentration by 38.5 and 54.

[Regulatory role of amino acids in protein biosynthesis; effect of various factors].

The paper embraces data available in literature and the results of the author's investigations which show synergism and antagonism interrelations between certain amino acids in the processes of transmembrane transport, amino acylation of transfer RNA and incorporation into protein. These interrelations may lead to activation and inhibition of the protein biosynthesis. It is established that an excess of any amino acid created with its administration into the organism induces the inhibition of biosynthesis and activity of the corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase (ARSase), while deficiency of an amino acid intensifies the biosynthesis of the corresponding ARSase.

[Isolation and purification of aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA-synthetases from muscles of normal and long-fasting rabbits. Structural characteristics and various kinetic parameters].

Highly purified aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA synthetases were obtained by 6-stage purification from normal and long-fasting rabbit's muscles. The molecular masses of the enzymes are (120 +/- 10) X 10(3). These proteins consist of two subunits (alpha 2-type) with (60 +/- 10) X X 10(3) molecular mass as determined by electrophoresis in SDS polyacrylamide gel.

[Spectral characteristics of muscle aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA- synthetases in normal animals and in an experimental model of prolonged starvation].

Conformational differences between asparagyl- and valyl-tRNA synthetases from normal (ARSn) and long-fasting (ARSf) rabbit's muscle were revealed by means of UV fluorescence and differential spectroscopy. The fluorescence spectra indicate more hydrophobic environment of tryptophan residues in the ARSf's at similar quantum yields. The differential absorption spectra reveal the distinctions between tryptophanyl microenvironments for ARS's of different amino acid specificity and for ARSn's and ARSf's of the same specificity.

[Spectral characteristics of muscle aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA- synthetases and their complexes with substrates in normal conditions and after prolonged starvation].

Spectral characteristics of aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases (ARSases) isolated from muscles of normal rabbits and of those fasted for a long time were studied by the methods of fluorescence and differential spectroscopy. Fluorescence spectra and differential absorption spectra of the compared proteins evidenced for more hydrophobic surrounding of tryptophanyls and their less accessibility for Cs+ ions in proteins of fasted animals. Interaction of aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA-synthetases from muscles of normal and long-fasted rabbits with substrates is accompanied by the essential quenching of tryptophan fluorescence of ARSases.

[The role of carbonic acid in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism in the animal body. 1. Effect of changes in CO2 concentration in tissues on the processes of NH+ metabolism in rabbits].

In two groups of rabbits of 24 animals each the dependence of NH4+-utilisation on the level of carbonic acid in the organism was investigates. The rabbits of the second group received injections into the abdominal cavity of 8 ml/kg body weight of a 5% NaHCO3-solution (enriched with CO2, pH 7.35) for the purpose of increasing the concentration of carbonic acid in the blood (pCO2: HCO3) and for the purpose of decreasing it an amount of NaCl-solution, which, in its content of Na+, was equivalent to the NaHCO3-dose.

[Changes in the biosynthesis of acid-soluble collagen in the skin of rats with amino acid imbalances in their diets].

The feeding of excessive leucine and phenylalanine doses to rats against a background of protein deficiency is shown to cause changes in the liver tRNA aminoacylation as well as in the synthesis of acid-soluble skin collagen differing from the normal level in the amino acid composition, elution profiles and content of disulphide groups.

[Effect of carbostimulin on reparative osteogenesis in rabbits of different ages].

Rate of reparative osteogenesis was studied after partial resection of rabbit radius bone. Within 15 days of the restoration period the content of dry residue was increased by 26%, 17% and 35% in regenerate of 2-months old animals, treated with their mixtures as compared with 6-months old rabbits. Content of calcium was increased 1.

[Various metabolic reactions of glycine in the animal organism].

Investigations on homogenates of the rat liver, kidney and spleen established an intensive incorporation of glycine carbon into the fraction of lipids, which exceeds much the incorporation of glycine carbon into proteins and acetate carbon into lipids. The data show that glycine incorporates into the lipid fraction without a preliminary conversion into acetate.

[Study of the conditions of 14C incorporation from glycine into lipid fraction of rat tissues].

The paper deals with conditions of the label incorporation from 1-14C glycine into lipids and proteins of the rat liver, kidney, and spleen homogenates. It is shown that in preliminary dialyzed homogenates the process proceeds intensely under anaerobic conditions. Changes in pH of the homogenates from 6.

[Levels of Krebs cycle metabolites in the blood and urine of patients with diabetes mellitus].

The blood oxaloacetate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate and citrate concentrations and citrate excretion with the urine were studied in 86 patients with diabetes mellitus. An enhanced citrate content and lowered oxaloacetate, malate and alpha-ketoglutarate concentration were detected in the blood of patients with diabetes mellitus. Compensation of the disease and combined pathogenetic therapy are factors, promoting normalization of Krebs cycle metabolite content.

[Effect of tryptophan excess in a diet on amino acid composition of skin collagen and on an initial stage of protein biosynthesis in rat liver].

Protein deficiency and tryptophane load against its background lead to the acid-soluble collagen synthesis in the rat skin. The amino acid composition of the collagen differs from the norm. This is accompanied by changes in the free amino acid pool of blood serum and liver, under tryptophane load the free amino acids pool of the liver increasing twice as high.

[Acid-soluble collagen in the skin of rats who received a tryptophan load and were kept on a protein-free diet].

Crystalline preparations of acid-soluble collagen of rat skin in norm and with tryptophan load against a background of the protein-free diet were fractionated by differential salting out using NaCl in concentrations corresponding to precipitation zones of collagen 1,3 and 4. Amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel, profiles of elution from CM-cellulose, content of the carbohydrate component and--S--S-bonds were studied in proteins of the mentioned fractions and in the precipitate insoluble after the pepsin action. Essential differences as compared to the normal level in the amino acid composition and elution profiles were detected in the fraction corresponding to collagen I.

[Structural differences of C-terminal fragment of the alpha-subunits of rabbit muscle aldolase in normal animals and in experimental atherosclerosis].

The COOH-terminal BrCN fragment of the aldolase alpha-subunit from muscles of rabbits in norm and under atherosclerosis was studied by the method of dansyl-fingerprints in a silicagel and polyamide thin layer. It is shown that under atherosclerosis the amount of peptides in the fragment under study increases and the topography of two of them changes. The content of lysine, serine and valine enhances in it.