The evaluations of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in threatened endemic fish Barbus meridionalis from Osor River (Spain).

Mediterranean barbel (Barbus meridionalis) an endemic species is currently facing habitat destruction and pollution in Osor River (Spain) due to mining runoff that has severely deteriorated the water quality by metals, primarily zinc (Zn). In order to assess the potential risk of metal contamination and hydrological changes in the Osor River by using oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers via IBR analyses in the barbel, five different stations were chosen: upstream (S1: reference site and S2: hydrologically changed), mine (S3), and downstream (S4 and S5). The highest tissue metal levels were measured particularly at S3 and following downstream sites.

Binary effects of fluoxetine and zinc on the biomarker responses of the non-target model organism Daphnia magna.

The antidepressant effect of zinc on mammals has been documented in recent decades, and the concentration of the antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX) in aquatic environments has been rising constantly. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the combined toxicity of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (FLX) and Zn on a non-target aquatic model organism Daphnia magna. Animals were exposed to single and binary combinations of FLX (20.

A trait-based approach to determine the risks of Zn to the overall health status of native fish species Barbus meridionalis.

Fish adapt to changing environments by maintaining homeostasis or making energy trade-offs that impact fitness. We investigated the effect of Zn on the fitness and physiology of Barbus meridionalis, a native cyprinid fish species, under two exposure scenarios. The Osor stream's mine-effluent reach represented long-term (chronic) exposure, while the upstream reach served as a control/acute exposure.

The effects of 100 nm pure boron nanoparticles on the primary antioxidant system of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus).

In this study, the effects of 100 nm boron nanoparticles (B-NPs) on the primary antioxidant status of Nile tilapia were researched via analysis of enzyme activities and related gene expressions. This is a new study which focuses on the relationship between B-NPs and oxidative stress that contribute to the literature in terms of its scope. Fish (n = 15) for each group were exposed to three different concentrations as 5, 25 (n) and 125 (n) mg/L during 96 h to see the response of the primary antioxidant system.

Sulfoxaflor, Zn and their combinations disrupt the antioxidant and osmoregulatory (Ca-ATPase) system in Daphnia magna.

Background: The oxidative- and osmoregulatory stress-inducing potential of binary mixtures of sulfoxaflor (SUL), a recently developed sulfoximine insecticide, and Zn was aimed to evaluate in Daphnia magna with different exposure regimes.

Methods: Animals were exposed to different SUL concentrations (1.25, 2.

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Brain Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Lung Cancer Patients with Different Cell Types.

Background: Oxidative stress that leads to an imbalanced prooxidant/antioxidant status can be a critical factor affecting lung cancer etiopathology. The antioxidant system provides primary protection under oxidative stress.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the serum antioxidant system status in brain metastatic and non-metastatic lung cancer patients with different cell types.

How metals directly affect the antioxidant status in the liver and kidney of Oreochromis niloticus? An in vitro study.

Background: Metals can disturb the integrity of physiological and biochemical mechanisms in fish. Thus components of defense as an antioxidant system are significant biomarkers due to their vital role in coping with metal stress. The aim of the current study is to investigate the direct effects of Cd, Cu, and Zn sublethal exposures (in vitro) on the antioxidant system parameters in the liver and kidney of Nile tilapia.

Antioxidant system status in threatened native fish Barbus meridionalis from the Osor River (Iberian Peninsula): I. Characterization and II. In vitro Zn assays.

The evaluation of antioxidant system capacity is important in aquatic toxicology. It was aimed to characterize the liver antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX, GR, and GST) and to test the in vitro Zn effect (200 and 400 ZnSO μg/L) in native fish Barbus meridionalis obtained from the Osor River (NE, Spain) influenced by Zn contamination. The maximal enzyme activities were at pH 7.

Antioxidant imbalance in the erythrocytes of Myotonic dystrophy Type 1 patients.

The most common form of muscular dystrophy is known as Myotonic dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) in adults. It was aimed to investigate the relationship between antioxidant imbalance and diaphragm thickness with pulmonary function test results in peripheral blood of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 patients. In the prospective study, 33 DM1 and 32 healthy control groups were taken after the ethics committee decision (2018-10529).

Effects of two different lipid emulsions on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and parenteral nutrition- related cholestasis in premature babies, a randomized-controlled study.

Background: Olive oil-soybean oil (OO/SO) based lipid emulsions (LE) lack ω-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid -EPA and docosahexaenoic acid- DHA, which have clinical benefits on inflammatory processes. Fish oil based LEs are good sources of DHA and EPA. Fish oil, MCT, Olive oil and Soya oil (FMOS) lipid is one of the fish oil containing LEs supplemented with high levels of α-tocopherol and lower levels of phytosterol compared to OO/SO lipid emulsions.

Response of the antioxidant enzymes of the erythrocyte and alterations in the serum biomarkers in rats following oral administration of nanoparticles.

In this study, AlO, CuO and TiO nanoparticles (NPs) were administered to mature female rats (Rattus norvegicus var. albinos) via oral gavage (0, 0.5, 5, 50mg/kg b.

Characterization and response of antioxidant systems in the tissues of the freshwater pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) during acute copper exposure.

The response of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPX and glutathione reductase, GR) and non-enzymatic responses (glutathione, GSH, oxidized glutathione, GSSG and GSH/GSSG) against acute Cu toxicity (2-90μg/mL for 48h) in different tissues of Lymnaea stagnalis were measured. Incubation conditions for enzymatic activity measurements were optimized for L. stagnalis tissues.

Characterization of antioxidant system parameters in four freshwater fish species.

The potential use of antioxidant system parameters has gained considerable interest due to their pivotal role of detoxification mechanisms in environmental studies and culture fish point of view. Fish with different ecological needs may have different antioxidant capacity and response to environmental contaminants. Thus, the optimal working conditions and specific enzyme activities (Vmax and Km) of antioxidant system parameters (Superoxide dismutase, SOD; Catalase, CAT; Glutathione peroxidase, GPX; Glutathione reductase, GR and Glutathione S-transferase, GST) and glutathione (GSH) were determined in four commonly cultured freshwater fish species (tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus, carp; Cyprinus carpio, trout; Onchorhynchus mykiss and catfish; Clarias garipienus).

Alterations in the serum biomarkers belonging to different metabolic systems of fish (Oreochromis niloticus) after Cd and Pb exposures.

The serum of vertebrates including human gives sufficient data about the current health status of organism in concern. Biomarkers have gained importance in evaluation of data from biological monitoring studies. In this study, freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus were individually exposed Cd or Pb using acute (10μM, 2 d) and chronic (20μM, 20 d) exposure protocols to investigate the alterations in serum parameters (ALP, ALT, AST, LDH, lipase, glucose, protein, cholesterol and triglyceride) and response of the endocrine system functioning in different axis, namely HPI (cortisol), HPT (TSH, T3, T4), gonadal (LH, FSH) and prolactin.

Response of antioxidant system of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following exposure to chromium and copper in differing hardness.

Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to copper or chromium in soft water (SW) (~80 mg CaCO3/L, conductivity 1.77 mS/cm) or hard water (HW) (~320 mg CaCO3/L, conductivity 5.80 mS/cm) using 2 exposure protocols (20 μM for 48 h and 10 μM for 144 h).

Investigations on the osmoregulation of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) following exposures to metals (Cd, Cu) in differing hardness.

Hardness is one of the most important factors in water chemistry as it affects fish physiology and metal toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate osmoregulatory responses in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed to copper and cadmium (1.0μg/mL) in soft water (SW) (hardness 80mg CaCO3/L and conductivity 1.

The effects of salinity and salinity+metal (chromium and lead) exposure on ATPase activity in the gill and intestine of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.

Freshwater organisms are highly sensitive to increases in salinity because they causes serious osmoregulation problems. Salinity of inland waters can be increased as a result of anthropogenic activities. In this study, freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus were exposed individually to increased salinities (0, 2, and 8 ppt) alone and salinity+metal [1 μg/mL chromium (Cr) or lead (Pb) exposure at 2 and 8 ppt] exposures for different time periods (1, 7, and 14 days) to investigate the response of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase in the osmoregulatory tissues (gill and intestine).

Response of ATPases in the osmoregulatory tissues of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to copper in increased salinity.

An increase in salinity of freshwater can affect the physiology and metal uptake in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to copper (1.0 mg/l) in increased salinities (2, 4, and 8 ppt) for 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 days.

Metals (Ag(+) , Cd(2+) , Cr(6+) ) affect ATPase activity in the gill, kidney, and muscle of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus following acute and chronic exposures.

Freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus were individually acutely exposed to different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.

Essential metal (Cu, Zn) exposures alter the activity of ATPases in gill, kidney and muscle of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.

An acute (96 h--0.1, 0.5, 1.

Response of antioxidant system of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus to acute and chronic metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Fe) exposures.

Antioxidant systems are known to be sensitive to metal exposures and are suggested to use in predicting sublethal metal toxicity. In this study, several antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured in the liver and kidney of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sublethal concentrations of metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn and Fe), using an acute (20 μM, 48 h) or subchronic (10 μM, 20 d) protocol. Beside the several increases of antioxidant enzyme activities, general inhibition was recorded after acute and chronic metal exposures.

Effects of metal (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn) exposures on some enzymatic and non-enzymatic indicators in the liver of Oreochromis niloticus.

Freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to 0.05 microg/mL of Cu, Cd, Zn, Ag and Cr for up to 30 days. Only Ag, which exceeded environmentally realistic concentrations by a factor of >100 caused fish mortality within this period.

Changes in serum biochemical parameters of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus following prolonged metal (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn) exposures.

Fish serum may reflect status of many biochemical processes in the metabolism. Heavy metals, as environmental stressors, may alter serum biochemical parameters in fishes. Thus, freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus, were exposed to low levels (0.

Responses of metallothionein and reduced glutathione in a freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus following metal exposures.

In this study, levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) which are known to be biomarker of metal exposures were measured in a freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus following exposure to 0, 5, 10 and 20μM concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb for 14 days. Metals and GSH were measured in the liver, gill, intestine, muscle and blood, and MT in the liver. Copper accumulation occurred only in the gill, while Zn accumulation occurred only in the muscle.

Enzymatic responses to metal exposures in a freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus.

Freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to 5, 10 and 20 microM concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb for 14 days and responses of several enzymes were determined subsequently. Liver catalase (CAT) activity was influenced by Cd and Pb exposures, while it was inhibited by Zn exposure. Copper, on the other hand, did not cause significant changes in CAT activity.