Evaluation of firearm injuries by trauma scoring systems in a secondary health care institution.

Background: Scoring systems are widely used in trauma patients and are very important in the care of trauma patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of scoring systems in evaluating the patients who were brought to a hospital without a trauma center due to firearm injuries (FIs) using scoring systems, and the efficacy of these systems in identifying patients who should be treated in a trauma center.

Methods: Patients brought to Hakkari Yüksekova State Hospital due to FIs between January 2010 and December 2019 were retrospectively investigated.

Can Gastric Volume be Accurately Estimated by Ultrasound?

Objective: Knowing the degree of gastric fullness is critical in determining the potential risk of pulmonary aspiration prior to urgent or elective intubation. This study aims to investigate the role of ultrasound in predicting the gastric volume accurately.

Methods: 176 patients who underwent upper gastric endoscopy after 12-hour fasting were examined by gastric US.

Can omentin-1 be a prognostic marker in surgical intensive care patients?

Background/aim: A member of the adipokine family, omentin-1 is selectively secreted from visceral fat tissue and the omentum. It has been shown that omentin-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of certain diseases and can be used as a prognostic marker. This study first investigated the prognostic significance of omentin-1 in surgical intensive care patients.

The Impact of Intravenous Fluid Therapy on Acid-Base Status of Critically Ill Adults: A Stewart Approach-Based Perspective.

One of the most important tasks of physicians working in intensive care units (ICUs) is to arrange intravenous fluid therapy. The primary indications of the need for intravenous fluid therapy in ICUs are in cases of resuscitation, maintenance, or replacement, but we also load intravenous fluid for purposes such as fluid creep (including drug dilution and keeping venous lines patent) as well as nutrition. However, in doing so, some facts are ignored or overlooked, resulting in an acid-base disturbance.

Doppler ultrasonography criteria of superior mesenteric artery stenosis.

Purpose: The techniques mostly used for the diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) stenosis are computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography. We aimed to evaluate color-coded Doppler Ultrasonography (CDUS) for the detection of SMA stenoses and to determine Doppler criteria.

Methods: We identified retrospectively 65 patients with CTA images of SMA stenosis and examined them with CDUS for the Doppler measurement of SMA peak systolic flow velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and mesenterico-aortic ratio (MAR).

Evaluation of stressors in intensive care units.

Objective: Physical and psychological stressors adversely affect the treatment and length of stay of patients in intensive care units. In this study, we aimed to describe environmental and psychological stressors affecting intensive care unit patients and to determine their priorities.

Material And Methods: In this study, the 40-item Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale was administered to patients in the General Surgery Intensive Care Unit and the Anesthesiology and Reanimation Intensive Care Unit.

Apelin-APJ system is responsible for stress-induced increase in atrial natriuretic peptide expression in rat heart.

Background: The cardiovascular system is a primary target of stress and stress is the most important etiologic factor in cardiovascular diseases. Stressors increase expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and apelin in cardiac tissue.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether stress-induced apelin has an effect on the expression of ANP in the right atrium of rat heart.

Mass spectrometric quantification of urinary human liver fatty acid binding protein in renal transplant recipients.

Rationale: Urinary liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) has been evaluated as a promising early biomarker of renal ischemia in human kidney transplant patients. The use of L-FABP in clinical practice requires that this biomarker be associated with an analytical method that combines specificity, accuracy and robustness. This study aimed to evaluate an optimized multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method using ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to measure urinary L-FABP levels in renal transplant recipients.

Comparison of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic gastric plication: One year follow-up results.

Objective: Various different surgical methods are used for obesity surgery. Among them, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic gastric plication (LGP) have been both successfully performed in recent years. In this study, we compared the treatment results of patients who underwent LGP, a method that was introduced later consisting of plication of gastric greater curvature to achieve volume reduction, with results of patients who underwent LSG.

Association between graft function and serum TNF-α, TNFR1 and TNFR2 levels in patients with kidney transplantation.

Introduction: This prospective observational study aimed to assess the relevance of serial postoperative serum TNF-α, TNFR1 and TNFR2 measurements for predicting graft function and acute rejection episodes (AR) after transplantation.

Materials And Methods: We studied 50 kidney transplant recipients (31 female, 19 male; mean age: 38.36 ± 12.

A multicenter nationwide reference intervals study for common biochemical analytes in Turkey using Abbott analyzers.

Background: A nationwide multicenter study was organized to establish reference intervals (RIs) in the Turkish population for 25 commonly tested biochemical analytes and to explore sources of variation in reference values, including regionality.

Methods: Blood samples were collected nationwide in 28 laboratories from the seven regions (≥400 samples/region, 3066 in all). The sera were collectively analyzed in Uludag University in Bursa using Abbott reagents and analyzer.

LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids in type 2 diabetic patients after insulin analog initiation therapy.

Background: Eicosanoids derived from omega-6 (n6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have proinflammatory functions whereas eicosanoids derived from omega-3 (n3) PUFAs have anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of insulin analog initiation therapy on n6 and n3 PUFAs in type 2 diabetic patients during early phase.

Methods: Sixteen type 2 diabetic patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels above 10% despite ongoing combination therapy with sulphonylurea and metformin were selected.

Oxidases and oxygenases in regulation of neutrophil redox pathways in Behçet's disease patients.

This study aimed to determine plasma and neutrophil oxidase activities that may contribute to vascular inflammation in Behçet's disease (BD) patients. Cyclooxygenase (COX), NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was determined in neutrophils isolated from BD patients and healthy controls. Functional assay of NADPH oxidase was significantly increased in BD patients, both at basal conditions and in response to fMLP stimulation.

Suppressive effect of astaxanthin on retinal injury induced by elevated intraocular pressure.

The aim of this study was to clarify the possible protective effect of astaxanthin (ASX) on the retina in rats with elevated intraocular pressure (EIOP). Rats were randomly divided into two groups which received olive oil or 5mg/kg/day ASX for a period of 8 weeks. Elevated intraocular pressure was induced by unilaterally cauterizing three episcleral vessels and the unoperated eye served as control.

Effect of astaxanthin on hepatocellular injury following ischemia/reperfusion.

This study investigated the effect of astaxanthin (ASX; 3,3-dihydroxybeta, beta-carotene-4,4-dione), a water-dispersible synthetic carotenoid, on liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Astaxanthin (5 mg/kg/day) or olive oil was administered to rats via intragastric intubation for 14 consecutive days before the induction of hepatic IR. On the 15th day, blood vessels supplying the median and left lateral hepatic lobes were occluded with an arterial clamp for 60 min, followed by 60 min reperfusion.

Corneal protein nitration in experimental uveitis.

Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) in inflammatory diseases like uveitis suggests that it contributes to the observed pathological state. The aim of this study was to evaluate corneal expression of NOS-2 and corneal protein nitration in a rat model of uveitis. A single injection of intravitreal lipopolysaccharide was used to induce uveitis.

Matrix metalloproteinases-2, -3 and -9 in human term placenta.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent enzymes that degrade the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are known to be the main mediators of human placentation and parturition. Although there are many studies on the roles and distribution of MMPs in human term placenta, so far none of the studies has investigated the distribution of MMP-2, -3 and -9 in different cells of various placental sites. In this study, we aimed to determine the distribution and enzymatic activities of MMP-2, -3 and -9 with regard to different regions of term human placenta, such as amnion, basal plate, chorionic plate, decidua, chorion laeve, Nitabuch's stria, umbilical cord and placental villi.

Transmission electron microscopy and autofluorescence findings in the cornea of diabetic rats treated with aminoguanidine.

Background: The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic keratopathy. The present study was aimed to understand if aminoguanidine (AG), an AGE inhibitor, was protective against the development of corneal complications in a diabetic rat model.

Methods: Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups: control, diabetic, and AG-treated diabetic.

Nitrotyrosine formation and apoptosis in rat models of ocular injury.

This study was performed to examine inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) expression, nitrotyrosine formation and apoptosis in rats with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and/or ocular inflammation. Ocular inflammation was induced via injection of intra-vitreal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while IOP was elevated by episcleral vessel cauterization. Animals were randomized to one of the following conditions: elevated IOP, LPS, elevated IOP+LPS, and control.

Plasma homocysteine levels in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with retinopathy and neovascular glaucoma.

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate plasma homocysteine levels in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients (NIDDM) with preproliferative retinopathy and neovascular glaucoma. The experimental goal was to determine the relationship between plasma homocysteine content and the development of microvascular lesions.

Methods: Plasma homocysteine levels were assessed in three experimental groups consisting of healthy controls (n = 30), NIDDM patients with preproliferative retinopathy (n = 20) and NIDDM patients with neovascular glaucoma (n = 20).

Application of a new chemiluminescence method for the determination of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in healthy and enzyme-deficient individuals.

Introduction: A chemiluminescence (CL) technique, which determines the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activities in healthy, heterozygous, and completely enzyme-deficient individuals was applied.

Methods: CL intensities were detected for 4 h at 15-min intervals in each sample with or without addition of G-6-PD substrates into the reaction mixture.

Results: The results revealed an inverse correlation to the reference UV method (Zinkham method; r=-0.

Effect of hypercholesterolemia on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in a rat model of elevated intraocular pressure.

Purpose: This study was performed to examine the effect of hypercholesterolemia on inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) expression and oxidative tissue injury in an experimental rat model of elevated IOP.

Methods: Wistar rats were maintained on either regular chow or a high-cholesterol diet for 24 weeks. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated in hypercholesterolemic rats by unilaterally cauterizing three episcleral vessels.

Systemic toxicity of tacrolimus given by various routes and the response to dose reduction.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term systemic toxicity of tacrolimus (FK-506) administered by various routes, and to assess the effect of dose reduction on toxicity.

Methods: The study animals were 120 experimentally naive adult female Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g each. The rats were randomly divided into 10 equal groups (n=12 in each) and treated with tacrolimus administered topically (in drops, 0.