Methodological and ethical challenges while conducting qualitative research on spirituality and end of life in a Muslim context: a guide to novice researchers.

Spirituality could be understood as a personal belief, a relation with sacred, divine experience, a sense of purpose and meaning towards life, authenticity and connectedness. It is a continually evolving, highly complex, contextual, subjective, and sensitive construct. A continuous development is seen around understanding about spirituality and spiritual concepts, such as spiritual experiences, spiritual pain and spiritual distress, especially among patients and families at the end of life.

Community mental health initiatives in Pakistan.

Aim: To identify mental health needs in local communities, and provide and evaluate nurse-led services to promote community mental health in Karachi, Pakistan.

Method: Using an action research approach, mental health nurses implemented activities to promote mental health and psychiatric rehabilitation in 15 urban communities in Karachi. The activities were planned and implemented in collaboration with a community-based social welfare organisation.

Media created violence: a social determinant of mental health.

In today's high technological world, scientific discoveries contribute remarkable development to human life, but it could also have an adverse impact on mankind. Among all these advancements, media is one of the inventions which aims at capturing a countless group of viewers and transmit information via various mediums. Media violence is considered one of the hampering determinants which harms an individual psychologically.