Transverse Process Fractures: A Clinical Series and Coronal Injury of the Spine.

Background: Transverse process fractures in trauma patients frequently are diagnosed using computed tomography and result in severe pain and limitation of motion. However, there is no accepted standard of care. Thus, these fractures can be treated with excessive measures or inadequately treated.

Growing skull fractures (craniocerebral erosion).

The incidence of growing skull fractures ranges from less than 0.05% to 1.6%.

The effects of melatonin on the antioxidant systems in experimental spinal injury.

Melatonin has been recently shown by various in-vivo and in-vitro studies to exert potent neutralising effects on hydroxyl radicals, stimulate glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and protect catalase (CAT) from the destructive activity of hydroxyl radicals in neural tissue. We aimed to investigate the possible effects of pharmacological dose of melatonin on some of the antioxidant defence systems in an in-vivo study of experimental spinal injury. Seven groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the following scheme: Group I: Naive (n = 6), Group II: Lesion (n = 8), Group III: Melatonin (n = 5), Group IV: Melatonin + Lesion (n = 8), Group V: Placebo + Lesion (n = 5), Group VI: Sham operation (n = 5), and Group VII: Placebo (n = 5).