War exposure and changes in eating behaviours in Ukrainian school-aged children: A cross-sectional online survey.

The war in Ukraine has exposed children to extremely high levels of acute and chronic stressors, which can impact their eating behaviour (EB). We aimed to determine the prevalence of war-induced, stress-related disruptions in EB of Ukrainian children. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among parents of 5- to 17-year-old children, who had experienced the war in Ukraine in February-May 2023.

Applicability of time-restricted eating for the prevention of lifestyle-dependent diseases in a working population: results of a pilot study in a pre-post design.

The ongoing epidemic of lifestyle-dependent diseases in industrialized countries threatens to overtax the health and social systems of these nations. New approaches beyond the usual therapeutic and preventive measures which have been applied so far must be tested. A paradigm shift with regard to nutrition and associated illness is overdue.

Developing a seminar curriculum for the Competence Center for General Practice in Baden-Wuerttemberg - a progress report.

The seminar program of the KWBW Verbundweiterbildungplus® is offered by the Competence Center for Postgraduate Medical Education in Baden-Württemberg (KWBW) for physicians specializing in general practice (GP trainees). Attendance is a voluntary one comprised of 48 curricular units of 45 minutes each per GP trainee. This seminar program is meant to be attended in parallel to the postgraduate medical education in clinic or practice.

Didactic qualification of teaching staff in primary care medicine - a position paper of the Primary Care Committee of the Society for Medical Education.

Having teaching staff with didactic qualifications in university teaching leads to a measurable improvement in academic skills among students. Previous recommendations on the type and scope of medical didactic qualification measures primarily apply to teaching staff at university and in-patient settings. The situation of primary care medicine, which often employs external lecturers and whose teaching takes place to a considerable extent in decentralized training facilities (teaching practices) is not adequately addressed.

Adherence to Time-Restricted Feeding and Impact on Abdominal Obesity in Primary Care Patients: Results of a Pilot Study in a Pre-Post Design.

The epidemic of lifestyle-dependent diseases and the failure of previous interventions to combat the main causes demand an alternative approach. Abdominal obesity is associated with most of these diseases and is a good target for therapeutic and preventive measures. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) offers a low-threshold, easy-to-implement lifestyle-modification concept with promising results from animal testing.

Recommendations for undergraduate training in the primary care sector--position paper of the GMA-Primary Care Committee.

During their studies to become medical professionals, all students are obliged to become familiar with various aspects of primary care. The aim is to provide all students with a high quality training which ensures the best possible cooperation across all sectors of the medical system. Primary care comprises the primary use of the medical service by an unfiltered set of patients as well as continued patient care--including home-care.

[Reasons of changes in drug therapy after hospital discharge - a qualitative study of perception by general practitioners and patients].

Background: After discharge from hospital there is often change of medication regimen. Usually, the main results of the inpatient stay and the subsequent treatment recommendations are summarised in a "discharge letter". Based on this, the general practitioner decides on how to proceed taking the individual aspects of his/her patient into consideration.

[Influence of package inserts on adherence to medication in primary care patients].

Background: German legislation requires a package insert (PI) to be attached to any drug that informs patients about the use, indications, dosage and possible side effects. This PI is often blamed for deliberate deviations from the patient's prescribed medication regimen. It is unknown to what extent patients use the opportunity to inform themselves by the PI and potential consequences for medication adherence.

[Structures and practice of psychology departments in orthopaedic and cardiac rehabilitation: a comparison of outpatient and inpatient clinics in Germany].

We aimed at comparing the present structural quality and practice of psychological services in ambulatory (outpatient) and inpatient rehabilitation in Germany.A nationwide survey of psychological services in orthopaedic and cardiac outpatient rehab centres was carried out. Results were compared to those of an identical study of inpatient services that was conducted simultaneously.

[The methodological quality of rehabilitation guidelines].

Introduction: The concepts of clinical guidelines contribute to the decision-making and improvement in the quality of medical supply. This paper provides a literature research on rehabilitation guidelines and their evaluation by the "German Instrument for Methodological Guideline Appraisal (DELBI)".

Methods: The clinical guideline research was conducted with the help of an online database as well as expert surveys conducted between August and October 2007.

[Drug therapy in primary care in the light of discount contracts to health insurers--a patient survey].

Background: Since April 1, 2007 pharmacists in Germany are obligated by law to dispense products from particular manufacturers with whom the health insurance funds have entered into discount agreements. Only by ticking the relevant tick box ("Aut Idem") on the prescription form can the prescriber insist on a drug of a specific company.

Methodology: A standardized questionnaire was designed and piloted in a small group and adapted accordingly.

[Analysis of therapeutic procedures in 5,838 rehab patients following total hip or total knee replacement].

In the framework of the Practice Guidelines programme of the German Federal Pension Insurance (DRV Bund) evidence-based standards for rehabilitation following total hip or knee replacement are to be developed. The results of a quantitative analysis of present health-care on the basis of documented treatments (KTL) from 5 838 rehab patients are reported here. Based on a systematic review of international trials, treatment modules were specified and analyzed as to frequency and duration of current treatment.

[Systematic literature analysis on therapies applied in rehabilitation of hip and knee arthroplasty: methods, results and challenges].

Evidence-based medicine is a central issue in medical practice. This also applies to rehabilitation services. The German Statutory Pension Insurance meets this need in its guideline programme.

Virtual patients for assessing medical students--important aspects when considering the introduction of a new assessment format.

Background: A case-based online assessment tool has been accomplished at the University of Ulm by simulating consultations with virtual patients in General Practice setting. After a successful pilot study, more data on validity were needed as one important step when considering introducing this assessment format to replace the regular written course exam.

Methods: Five distinct sources of validity evidence are addressed: content, response process, internal structure, relationship to other variables and consequences.

[Changes of teaching in the interdisciplinary subject "rehabilitation, physical medicine, naturopathic treatment" in the German medical faculties 2004 to 2006/07].

Background: Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine, Naturopathic Treatment (Querschnittsbereich Q-12) was introduced as a compulsory interdisciplinary subject in the revised Federal Medical Licensing Regulations (Approbationsordnung für Arzte) in October 2003. This offered the opportunity to increase the students' interest in rehabilitation-related issues and to integrate current evidence of rehabilitation research. The implementation of the Q-12 in the German medical faculties was investigated by yearly questionnaires during a three-year-period.

Faculty development in general practice in Germany: experiences, evaluations, perspectives.

From 1999 to 2001, the German Society of General Practice and Family Medicine (DEGAM) pioneered a faculty development programme to help general practitioners (GPs) interested in an academic career to develop their skills in teaching, primary care, quality assurance and research. The programme involves five weekend-training sessions over 18 months and applies a learner-centred approach. Participants choose the learning formats and switch between the roles of learners, teachers, chair persons and programme organizers.

[Problem oriented learning (POL) in rehabilitation on the example of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis].

Through innovative teaching and learning methods relevant topics in rehabilitation can be conveyed effectively. Therefore, in this paper a papercase for problem-oriented learning (POL) is presented concerning rehabilitation in rheumatology, exemplified by a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. This papercase can be applied in the integrated course Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Naturopathic Treatment, the curricular part of teaching rehabilitation during the medical training according to the 9 (th) revision of the Federal Medical Licensing Regulations (Approbationsordnung).

[Current teaching, learning and examination methods in medical education and potential applications in rehabilitative issues].

With introduction of the new Federal Medical Licensing Regulations (Approbationsordnung) in Germany, integrated teaching in "Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine, Naturopathic Treatment" (Querschnittsbereich Q12) has become obligatory for the first time. Furthermore, the new Regulations require the medical faculties in Germany to realize an innovative didactic orientation in teaching. This paper provides an overview of recent applications of teaching techniques and examination methods in medical education with special consideration of the new integrated course Q12 and further teaching methods related to rehabilitative issues.

[A complex process: decision-making in general practice: 117 structured case analyses].

Background: A variety of factors seem to play a role in decision-making in general practice. To describe the complexity of this process a vague symptom with a broad spectrum of possible causes and outcomes was chosen: dizziness. Aim of this study was to provide a conceptual framework to describe and assess the complex reasoning process of general practitioners.

[Comparison of three outpatient therapy forms for treatment of chronic low back pain-- findings of a multicentre, cluster randomized study].

The AOK Baden-Württemberg health insurance fund initiated a study on the outpatient rehabilitation of patients with chronic low back pain, aimed at improving the treatment concept for its insurees with chronic low back pain (START). This model project was scientifically guided by the Hochrhein-Institute in Bad Säckingen. The paper compares the effectiveness of Enhanced Outpatient Physiotherapy (Erweiterte Ambulante Physiotherapie, EAP), Outpatient Rehabilitation (Ambulante Rehabilitation, AR) and Medical Training Therapy (Medizinische Trainingstherapie, MTT) in patients with low back pain.

[Educational objectives in the new interdisciplinary subject "Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine, Naturopathic Techniques" under the 9th Revision of the Licensing Regulations for Doctors--consensus recommendations of the German Society for Rehabilitative Sciences and the German Society for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation].

In October 2003 the 9 (th) revision of the Federal Medical Training Regulations (Approbationsordnung) came into effect. The new compulsory interdisciplinary subject "Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine, Naturopathic Treatment" offers the opportunity to teach all students in comprehensive concepts of Rehabilitation such as the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) of the WHO and the new book 9 of the German Social Code (SGB 9), as well as Physical Medicine and Naturopathic Treatment. Since the content of this new subject has not been defined up to date a joint task force of the German Society of Rehabilitation Science and the German Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation was founded in order to recommend teaching standards.

A comparison of different strategies to collect standard gamble utilities.

Objective: The authors performed a methodological comparison of the usual standard gamble with methods that could also be used in mailed questionnaires.

Methods: Ninety-two diabetic patients valued diabetes-related health states twice. In face-to-face interviews, the authors used an iterative standard gamble (ISG) in which the probabilities were varied in a ping-pong manner and a self-completion method (SC) with top-down titration as search procedure (SC-TD) in 2 independent subsamples of 46 patients.

[Development of a guideline for rehabilitation of patients with low back pain-- phase 2: analysis of data of the classification of therapeutic procedures].

Initiated by the Federal Insurance Institute for Salaried Employees (BfA, Bundesversicherungsanstalt für Angestellte), the project is aimed at developing an evidence-based guideline for rehabilitation of patients with low back pain (LBP). Guideline development will be based on a systematic review of the literature, an analysis of the treatment procedures currently employed in rehabilitation, inclusion of the patients' perspectives as well as consultation of experts' panels of clinically experienced physicians and therapists. Formulation of the guideline will then be carried out in a structured consensus building process.

[The DEGAM guidelines "Dysuria" by the German Society of General Practice and Family Medicine (DEGAM)--possible consequences of the implementation in general practice].

Introduction: In Germany, there are hardly any reliable data on patient care in the primary care setting which warrant the development and implementation of clinical guidelines. In this paper, data generated by a prospective observational study of patients with urinary tract symptoms are compared to the recommendations of an evidence-based clinical guideline.

Patients And Methodology: Over a period of 6 months all patients consulting one of 6 General Practitioners in southern Germany with symptoms of dysuria have been documented on a standardised patient record.