leaf extract inhibited anthracnose growth by downregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and .

Background: is a predominant anthracnose species in , causing various adverse effects. Traditional intercropping with may enhance anthracnose resistance, but the mechanism remains elusive.

Methods: We utilized UPLC-MS/MS and acid-base detection to identify the major antimicrobial alkaloid components in the leaf extract.

Advances in Separation, Biological Properties, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Triterpenoids Derived from Abel.

Extensive research has been conducted on Abel., a cultivar predominantly distributed in China, to investigate its phytochemical composition, owning to its potential as an edible oil crop. Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, as essential active constituents, play a significant role in contributing to the pharmacological effects of this cultivar.

Mesoporous silica-based nanocarriers with dual response to pH and ROS for enhanced anti-inflammation therapy of 5-demethylnobiletin against psoriasis-like lesions.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease accompanied with chronic papulosquamous lesions and multiple comorbidities that considerably affect patients' quality of life. In order to develop an enhanced therapeutic strategy for psoriasis, 5-demethylnobiletin (5-DN), a kind of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) with high anti-inflammatory activity, was delivered in vitro and in vivo by the nanocarrier of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) both in the human keratinocytes HaCaT cell line and the mouse model with psoriasis-like lesions. The drug-loaded nanocarrier system (MSNs@5-DN) significantly improved the biocompatibility and bioavailability of 5-DN.

Discovery of New Triterpenoids Extracted from Seed Cake and the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Their Antitumor Activity.

Theasaponin derivatives, which are reported to exert antitumor activity, have been widely reported to exist in edible plants, including in the seed cake of (), which is extensively grown in south of China. The purpose of this study was to isolate new theasaponin derivatives from seed cake and explore their potential antitumor activity and their underlying molecular mechanism. In the present study, we first isolated and identified four theasaponin derivatives (compounds , , and ) from the total aglycone extract of the seed cake of by utilizing a combination of pre-acid-hydrolysis treatment and activity-guided isolation.

Developing fisetin-AgNPs incorporated in reinforced chitosan/pullulan composite-film and its application of postharvest storage in litchi fruit.

In this study, Toxicodendron vernicifluum fisetin chelated silver nanoparticles (FT-AgNPs) with outstanding antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were constructed via self-assembly. To surprise, 0.6 wt% FT-AgNPs was compatibly dispersed into the 1:1 chitosan/pullulan (CS/PUL, CP) matrix.

Oryzanol Ameliorates DSS-Stimulated Gut Barrier Damage via Targeting the Gut Microbiota Accompanied by the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Cascade Response In Vivo.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global chronic disease with a long duration and repeated relapse. Currently, there is still a lack of effective approaches to prevent IBD. Food-derived oryzanol (ORY) possesses extensive biological activities, such as ameliorating bowel diseases, antioxidation, and antiobesity.

Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder in Rats.

High-fat diet (HFD) is closely related to the formation of metabolic diseases. Studies have confirmed that neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) possesses the biological activity of preventing glycolipid metabolism disorder. To explore the mechanism of its preventive activity against glucolipid metabolism disorder, HFD-treated rats were orally administered with NHDC for 12 weeks continuously.

The aqueous assembly preparation of OPs-AgNPs with phenols from olive mill wastewater and its mechanism on antimicrobial function study.

To valorise olive mill wastewater phenols (OPs) potentially applied in food preservation, a novel stable and regularly spherical OPs-AgNPs (D = 78 nm) were successfully assembled in aqueous solution under the optimized conditions (pH 8.0, 5 mM AgNO, 35C and 30 min). The results of antimicrobial zone diameters indicated that 50 μg/mL of promising OPs-AgNPs presented excellent antimicrobial effects.

Pterostilbene Coupled with Physical Exercise Effectively Mitigates Collagen-Induced Articular Synovial by Correcting the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signal Pathway.

Studies have revealed that a novel anti-inflammatory mediator─maresin-1 (MaR1)─can reduce the level of inflammatory factors. There is evidence that physical exercise (PE) promotes the biosynthesis of MaR1, leading to the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previously, we have proven that resveratrol can mitigate the formation of RA.

Efficient Preparation of Black Tea Extract (BTE) with the High Content of Theaflavin Mono- and Digallates and the Protective Effects of BTE on CCl-Induced Rat Liver and Renal Injury.

Theaflavins (TFs), formed by the dimerization of green tea catechins during "fermentation" to prepare black tea, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Reported efficacious effects of black tea (∼2% of TFs) or related products come from catechins unless TFs are assayed. The present study aimed to target the preparation of black tea extract (BTE) enriched with theaflavin mono- and digallates majorly from dry tea leaves in aqueous media versus traditional fermentation of fresh leaves.

Design and linkage optimization of ursane-thalidomide-based PROTACs and identification of their targeted-degradation properties to MDM2 protein.

Ursolic acid (UA) is an accessible triterpenoid, widely applied in the design and synthesis of antitumor compounds. However, the mechanism of its anti-tumor effect is still unclear. To verify the molecular mechanism of its biological activity, based on the bifunctional activity of ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the target protein of the proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) strategy, here we report the design, synthesis and cellular activity of six UA PROTAC hydrochloride compounds 1A-1F, in which UA acts as the binding ligand of the PROTAC and is linked to thalidomide (E3 ligand) through a series of synthetic linkers.

Protective Effect of Tangeretin and 5-Hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-Pentamethoxyflavone on Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Inhibiting Autophagy via Activation of the ROS-AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by long duration and repeated relapse. This study explored the preventive effect of tangeretin (TAN) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (5-HPMF) on RA, and the underlying molecular mechanism based on a rat model stimulated by bovine type II collagen (BIIC). After the intervention of TAN or 5-HPMF (TAN/5-HPMF) for 5 weeks, the RA lesions and autophagy levels of the synovial tissue were significantly reduced, and the ROS content and HO-1 expression level were down-regulated simultaneously.

Protective effects of trans-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside on liver fibrosis and renal injury induced by CClvia down-regulating p-ERK1/2 and p-Smad1/2.

Both as a food and an herbal plant, Polygonum multiflorum (PM) has long been used in food and prescriptions for several centuries in Southeast Asia. trans-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (trans-THSG) is one of the major compounds derived from PM and has been reported to exhibit multiple biological activities such as antioxidation and anti-obesity activities among others. The current study was aimed at investigating the effects of trans-THSG on liver fibrosis and renal injury in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl) induced rodent model via oral feeding.

Supercritical fluid CO extraction of three polymethoxyflavones from Citri reticulatae pericarpium and subsequent preparative separation by continuous high-speed counter-current chromatography.

Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are widely found in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) and have been investigated with a broad spectrum of biological activities as well as health promoting properties. However, separation of the PMFs from a complex sample, especially preparative separation of these PMFs with high purity, remains challenging. In the present study, an efficient method based on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and continuous high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) has been developed for extracting and preparative purification PMFs from CRP.

Nobiletin Prevents Trimethylamine Oxide-Induced Vascular Inflammation via Inhibition of the NF-κB/MAPK Pathways.

Dietary choline and its containing foods are biotransformed to trimethylamine (TMA) via gut microbial metabolism. Subsequently, as an intermediate molecule, TMA is quickly transported and oxidized in the liver by hepatic flavin monooxygenases to form trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). TMAO was treated as a waste byproduct from choline metabolism, but recent convincing evidence demonstrated the association between the small molecule TMAO and inflammation-related diseases, including blood vessel inflammation and vascular diseases.

Simultaneous separation of six pure polymethoxyflavones from sweet orange peel extract by high performance counter current chromatography.

Successful isolation of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) from citrus peels has led to numerous evaluations of PMFs in a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as inhibition of chronic inflammation, cancer prevention and anti-atherogenic properties. Recent reports associated with the health promoting properties of PMFs in citrus fruits have dramatically increased. However, the limiting factor in animal and human study of PMFs is still the supply of pure PMFs, such as tangeretin, nobiletin, sinensetin and 3,5,6,7,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone.

Resveratrol Alleviates Rheumatoid Arthritis via Reducing ROS and Inflammation, Inhibiting MAPK Signaling Pathways, and Suppressing Angiogenesis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily affecting joints and is featured by chronic synovial inflammation and angiogenesis. We employed a bovine type-II collagen (BIIC)-induced Sprague-Dawley rat arthritis model and an in vitro RA model based on interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated rat synovial cells (RSC-364) to explore the preventive effect of resveratrol on RA and the underlying mechanisms. We found that resveratrol ameliorated BIIC-elicited synovitis and RA-related pathological hallmarks such as inflammatory cell infiltration and angiogenesis in the synovial tissue.

Green Tea Catechins Effectively Altered Hepatic Fibrogenesis in Rats by Inhibiting ERK and Smad1/2 Phosphorylation.

Polyphenols derived from green tea have been reported to have a wide range of profound functions. Tea catechins, including epicatechin, epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-3- O-gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin-3- O-gallate (EGCG), are considered as the major bioactive polyphenols in tea. The present study was designed to elucidate the potential antifibrogenic role of three abundant tea catechins (ECG, EGC, and EGCG) in a CCl-induced fibrotic rat and their underlying molecular mechanisms.

Chemopreventive Effects of Phytochemicals and Medicines on M1/M2 Polarized Macrophage Role in Inflammation-Related Diseases.

Macrophages can polarize into two different states (M1 and M2), which play contrasting roles during pathogenesis or tissue damage. M1 polarized macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators resulting in inflammation, while M2 macrophages have an anti-inflammatory effect. Secretion of appropriate cytokines and chemokines from macrophages can lead to the modification of the microenvironment for bridging innate and adaptive immune responses.

Nobiletin and 5-Hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone Ameliorate 12- O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mouse Skin Lesions by Regulating the Expression of Ki-67 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and the Differentiation of CD4 T Cells through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways.

Psoriasis is a chronic and benign proliferative skin disease. Flavonoids in chenpi (aged tangerine peel) from tangerine ( Citrus reticulate Blanco), such as nobiletin (Nob), tangeretin, and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (5-HPMF), possess anti-inflammation and regulation of immune activity among others. In this study, psoriasis-like skin lesions were induced by 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and the preventive effect of Nob and 5-HPMF on psoriasis-like skin lesions was evaluated.

Anti-fibrotic activity of polyphenol-enriched sugarcane extract in rats via inhibition of p38 and JNK phosphorylation.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), which is one of the most important sources of sugar, is also rich in polyphenolic compounds. In this study, polyphenols from sugarcane were extracted, and the dominant component was characterized quantitatively via HPLC to be (-)-epicatechin.

Effect of nobiletin on the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in the synovial membrane of rats with arthritis induced by collagen.

Nobiletin (5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone) is a natural compound in the fruit peel of citrus fruit in the Rutaceae family. It is active in inhibiting inflammation, reducing plasma lipids and has anti-oxidative properties. In studying the effect of nobiletin on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was established by bovine type II collagen (BIIC), and the effect of nobiletin on RA was investigated using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, serum enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection and western blotting.

3'-Hydroxypterostilbene Suppresses Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis by Inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 Signaling in Mice.

3'-Hydroxypterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-3',4'-hydroxystilbene) presents in Sphaerophysa salsula, Pterocarpus marsupium, and honey bee propolis and has been reported to exhibit several biological activities. Herein, we aimed to explore the chemopreventive effects of dietary 3'-hydroxypterostilbene and underlying molecular mechanisms on colitis-associated cancer using the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene administration effectively ameliorated the colon shortening and number of tumors in AOM/DSS-treated mice (3.

Antifungal activity of Momordica charantia seed extracts toward the pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani L.

Momordica charantia L., a vegetable crop with high nutritional value, has been used as an antimutagenic, antihelminthic, anticancer, antifertility, and antidiabetic agent in traditional folk medicine. In this study, the antifungal activity of M.

Protective effects of theasinensin A against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice.

Theasinensins have been identified as a major group of unique catechin dimers mainly found in oolong tea and black tea. Among several types of theasinensins, theasinensin A (TSA), an epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) dimer with an R-biphenyl bond, is the most abundant theasinensin prevalent in oolong tea. Previous studies have reported that TSA exhibits antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo.