Propofol with and without Midazolam for Diagnostic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopies in Children.

Purpose: Various publications on the use of sedation and anesthesia for diagnostic procedures in children have demonstrated that no ideal agent is available. Although propofol has been widely used for sedation during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children, adverse events including hypoxia and hypotension, are concerns in propofol-based sedation. Propofol is used in combination with other sedatives in order to reduce potential complications.

Randomized comparison of efficacy of paracetamol, lornoxicam, and tramadol representing three different groups of analgesics for pain control in extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.

Purpose: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) is the mainstay treatment modality for upper urinary tract stones. However, it is a relatively painful procedure and so an efficient analgesia is required for better clinical success. The ideal method of anesthesia has not been standardized.

Adding intrathecal morphine to unilateral spinal anesthesia results in better pain relief following knee arthroscopy.

Purpose: Intrathecal morphine is administered to provide profound and prolonged analgesia, and to treat acute postoperative pain. We compared the effectiveness of hyperbaric bupivacaine alone and in combination with morphine for unilateral spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy.

Methods: Sixty patients were randomly allocated to two groups to receive either 1.